v0.8.4: add strict sidecar verification

AGENT.md

@@ -12,4 +12,9 @@
 - Manifest backends: JSONL default, SQLite optional via `modernc.org/sqlite`.
 - Preserve manifest compatibility and migration behavior.
 - XMP sidecars are opt-in via `--sidecar xmp`; default must remain `none`.
+- Reverse geocoding is opt-in via `--reverse-geocode`, uses MapKit on macOS 26+, and must fail safely on older macOS without failing export.
+- Do not claim Photos people/animal/object labels are exported unless Vision/Core ML analysis is explicitly implemented.
+- Roadmap: keep `0.8.x` focused on making XMP sidecars as rich, standard-compatible, and complete as possible from public PhotoKit metadata.
+- Roadmap: use `0.9.0` through `0.9.5` for checksums, deep verification, manifest repair, cleanup, doctor, and backup-integrity hardening.
+- Roadmap: start Vision/Core ML analysis only after `0.9.5`; keep it opt-in and label it as photoscli-generated analysis, not Apple Photos metadata.
 - Do not commit generated artifacts from `bin/` or coverage files.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,50 @@
 
 This changelog is maintained from git history plus the published Gitea release series. Future releases should update this file and publish matching release notes on the release page.
 
+## v0.8.4
+
+Strict XMP sidecar verification release.
+
+- Add `verify --sidecar --strict` to require photoscli XMP schema metadata, sidecar generator metadata, and matching exported filename metadata.
+- Keep existing `verify --sidecar` behavior unchanged for backup-wide existence, readability, and asset-ID checks.
+
+## v0.8.3
+
+XMP sidecar inspection release.
+
+- Add `sidecar inspect <file.xmp>` to print key photoscli metadata from generated XMP sidecars.
+- Add `sidecar inspect <file.xmp> --json` for scriptable inspection output.
+
+## v0.8.2
+
+Metadata-only XMP refresh release.
+
+- Add `--metadata-only` for manifest-based XMP sidecar generation without re-exporting media files.
+- Support metadata-only refresh for both `export` and `backup-all` when used with `--sidecar xmp`.
+- Require a manifest for metadata-only mode so existing media paths are resolved safely.
+- Keep media files untouched while overwriting/regenerating generated XMP sidecars.
+- Support `--reverse-geocode` during metadata-only sidecar refresh.
+
+## v0.8.1
+
+XMP standards and sidecar verification release.
+
+- Add XMP schema version metadata for generated sidecars.
+- Add standard XMP fields for rating, metadata date, creation date, Photoshop date created, and EXIF GPS coordinates.
+- Add `dc:subject` keywords from album/folder context.
+- Add sidecar generator and generated timestamp metadata.
+- Add `verify --sidecar` to check missing, zero-byte, unreadable, and asset-ID mismatched XMP sidecars.
+
+## v0.8.0
+
+Rich PhotoKit metadata and reverse-geocoded XMP release.
+
+- Expand asset metadata from public PhotoKit fields: modification date, hidden state, media subtypes, source type, playback style, burst data, GPS coordinates, adjustment state, adjustment info, and richer resource metadata.
+- Expand XMP sidecars with duration, hidden/adjustment state, modification date, structured media subtype/burst/resource lists, GPS coordinates, and adjustment metadata.
+- Add opt-in `--reverse-geocode` using Apple reverse geocoding APIs to add address metadata for GPS assets.
+- Cache reverse-geocode results under `.photoscli/geocode-cache.jsonl` so repeated exports do not repeatedly query Apple geocoding.
+- Keep Vision/Core ML people, animal, object, and scene analysis out of this release; that remains future work.
+
 ## v0.7.0
 
 XMP sidecar metadata release.

Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 BINARY     := ./bin/photoscli
 MODULE     := gitea.k3s.k0.nu/tools/photocli
-VERSION    := 0.7.0
+VERSION    := 0.8.4
 RELEASE_ZIP := ./bin/photoscli-$(VERSION)-macos-arm64.zip
 RELEASE_NOTES := RELEASE_NOTES.md
 BRIDGE_DIR := bridge
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ $(LIB): $(OBJ)
 	ar rcs $@ $<
 
 $(OBJ): $(BRIDGE_DIR)/photokit_bridge.m $(BRIDGE_DIR)/photokit_bridge.h
-	cc -c -x objective-c -fobjc-arc -framework Photos -framework Foundation -o $@ $<
+	cc -c -x objective-c -fobjc-arc -o $@ $<
 
 $(STUB_LIB): $(STUB_OBJ)
 	ar rcs $@ $<

README.md

@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@ For a practical step-by-step manual with recommended backup workflows, recovery
 - Failure tracking with `failures.jsonl` and `retry-failed`.
 - Deduplicated failure management with `failures list`, `failures clear`, and `retry-failed --clear-on-success`.
 - Verification, reporting, and diff commands for backup integrity.
+- Optional XMP sidecar verification with `verify --sidecar`.
+- Metadata-only XMP refresh for manifest-backed exports with `--metadata-only`.
 - Status command for quick backup summaries.
-- Opt-in XMP sidecar metadata with `--sidecar xmp`.
+- Opt-in rich XMP sidecar metadata with `--sidecar xmp`.
+- Optional Apple MapKit reverse geocoding for GPS assets on macOS 26+ with `--reverse-geocode`.
 - Script-friendly exit codes and optional JSON summaries.
 - 100% test coverage for the Go CLI and parsing layers.
 
@@ -166,6 +169,7 @@ photoscli export --album-id "Favorites" --out ./favorites --only-favorites
 photoscli export --album-id "Videos" --out ./videos --media videos --include-videos
 photoscli export --album-id "Archive" --out ./archive --originals --retry 3
 photoscli export --album-id "Vacation" --out ./vacation --date-template YYYY/MM/DD
+photoscli export --album-id "Vacation" --out ./vacation --sidecar xmp --reverse-geocode
 ```
 
 ### `backup-all`
@@ -186,6 +190,7 @@ photoscli backup-all --out ./backup --exclude-album "Recently Deleted" --exclude
 photoscli backup-all --out ./backup --since 2024-01-01 --sort newest
 photoscli backup-all --out ./backup --concurrency 8 --retry 3
 photoscli backup-all --out ./backup --dry-run --json
+photoscli backup-all --out ./backup --sidecar xmp --reverse-geocode
 ```
 
 ### `report`
@@ -266,6 +271,7 @@ Common flags for `export` and `backup-all`:
 - `--dry-run`: print planned exports without writing files, manifests, or logs.
 - `--json`: print a machine-readable summary to stdout.
 - `--verify`: run manifest/file verification after export.
+- `--sidecar` with `verify`: also verify expected `.xmp` sidecars.
 - `--log`: enable structured export logging.
 - `--manifest jsonl|sqlite`: choose manifest backend, default `jsonl`.
 - `--no-manifest`: disable manifest reads/writes.
@@ -278,6 +284,8 @@ Common flags for `export` and `backup-all`:
 - `--max-size <n>`: filter by estimated pixel count.
 - `--format jpeg|heic|png`: preview format hint. Current bridge output is still the existing preview path; non-JPEG bridge output is future work.
 - `--sidecar none|xmp`: write opt-in XMP metadata sidecars next to exported files.
+- `--metadata-only`: with `--sidecar xmp`, refresh XMP sidecars for manifest-backed files without exporting media.
+- `--reverse-geocode`: with `--sidecar xmp`, add cached Apple MapKit address metadata for GPS assets on macOS 26+.
 - `--date-template <template>`: append date folders based on creation date, for example `YYYY/MM/DD`.
 
 `backup-all` also supports:
@@ -347,6 +355,33 @@ IMG_0001.HEIC -> IMG_0001.xmp
 
 The XMP contains photoscli metadata such as asset ID, filenames, album, manifest path, media type, dimensions, favorite state, cloud state, export mode, version, exported timestamp, size, and creation date when available. If `--sidecar xmp` is explicitly selected and the sidecar cannot be written, that asset is treated as failed.
 
+Sidecars also include richer public PhotoKit metadata where available: modification date, duration, hidden state, adjustment state, media subtypes, source type, playback style, burst data, GPS coordinates, adjustment info, structured asset resources, standard XMP dates, EXIF GPS coordinates, favorite rating, and album/folder keywords. Add `--reverse-geocode` to include cached address fields from Apple MapKit for assets with GPS coordinates. Reverse geocoding requires macOS 26 or newer; on older macOS versions the export continues and XMP still includes GPS coordinates.
+
+Verify generated sidecars with:
+
+```bash
+photoscli verify --out ./backup --sidecar
+```
+
+For stricter checks against recent photoscli-generated XMP sidecars:
+
+```bash
+photoscli verify --out ./backup --sidecar --strict
+```
+
+Inspect one generated sidecar with:
+
+```bash
+photoscli sidecar inspect ./backup/IMG_0001.xmp
+photoscli sidecar inspect ./backup/IMG_0001.xmp --json
+```
+
+Refresh sidecars for files already present in a manifest-backed export without rewriting media files:
+
+```bash
+photoscli backup-all --out ./backup --sidecar xmp --metadata-only
+```
+
 ## Failure Tracking
 
 Failed exports are deduplicated by asset ID and stored in:
@@ -458,3 +493,9 @@ Objective-C returns JSON to Go. Tests use the stub bridge and do not require rea
 - Album title lookup uses exact title matching. Use PhotoKit local identifiers when names are ambiguous.
 - iCloud-backed assets may trigger downloads and can fail due to network or account state.
 - `--min-size` and `--max-size` currently use estimated pixel count from dimensions, not encoded file size.
+
+## Roadmap
+
+- `0.8.x`: make XMP sidecars as rich, standard-compatible, and complete as possible from public PhotoKit metadata.
+- `0.9.0` through `0.9.5`: checksums, deep verification, manifest repair, cleanup, doctor, and backup-integrity hardening.
+- After `0.9.5`: opt-in Vision/Core ML analysis for photoscli-generated face/object/animal/scene metadata.

RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
-# v0.7.0
+# v0.8.4
 
-This release adds opt-in XMP sidecar metadata for archival exports.
+This release adds strict XMP sidecar verification.
 
 ## Highlights
 
-- Add `--sidecar none|xmp` with default `none`.
+- Add `verify --sidecar --strict` to require photoscli schema metadata, sidecar generator metadata, and matching exported filename metadata.
-- Write XMP sidecars next to exported files when `--sidecar xmp` is selected.
+- Keep existing `verify --sidecar` behavior unchanged for basic sidecar checks.
-- XMP files use the exported file basename, for example `IMG_0001.jpg` -> `IMG_0001.xmp`.
+- Use strict mode when validating sidecars generated by recent photoscli versions.
-- Sidecars include photoscli metadata such as asset ID, filenames, album, manifest path, media type, dimensions, favorite state, cloud state, export mode, version, exported timestamp, size, and creation date when available.
-- XMP writes are atomic and fail the asset when explicitly requested sidecar output cannot be written.
-- Config files can set `sidecar = "xmp"`.
 
 ## Assets
 
 - `photoscli`: Apple Silicon macOS binary (`darwin/arm64`).
-- `photoscli-0.7.0-macos-arm64.zip`: Apple Silicon binary plus README, USERGUIDE, and CHANGELOG.
+- `photoscli-0.8.4-macos-arm64.zip`: Apple Silicon binary plus README, USERGUIDE, and CHANGELOG.
 - `USERGUIDE.md`: standalone user guide.
 
 Intel Macs are not currently a supported release target.

USERGUIDE.md

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ It is especially useful when you want to:
 - Detect missing, zero-byte, and size-mismatched manifest files.
 - Inspect or clear deduplicated failure records.
 - Write optional XMP sidecar metadata for archival workflows.
+- Add optional reverse-geocoded address metadata to XMP sidecars for GPS assets.
 - Script Photos exports with stable exit codes.
 
 It is not intended to replace Apple Photos, iCloud Photos, or Time Machine. Think of it as an additional file-based export and backup tool.
@@ -554,7 +555,46 @@ IMG_0001.jpg -> IMG_0001.xmp
 IMG_0001.HEIC -> IMG_0001.xmp
 ```
 
-The XMP includes photoscli archive metadata such as asset ID, original filename, exported filename, album, manifest path, media type, dimensions, favorite state, cloud state, export mode, version, exported time, size, and creation date when available.
+The XMP includes photoscli archive metadata such as asset ID, original filename, exported filename, album, manifest path, media type, dimensions, favorite state, hidden state, cloud state, export mode, version, exported time, size, creation date, modification date, duration, adjustment state, media subtypes, source type, playback style, burst data, GPS coordinates, adjustment info, structured asset resources, standard XMP date fields, EXIF GPS fields, favorite rating, and album/folder keywords when PhotoKit exposes them.
+
+For address metadata from GPS coordinates, opt in to Apple's reverse geocoder:
+
+```bash
+./bin/photoscli export --album-id "Vacation" --out ./Vacation --sidecar xmp --reverse-geocode
+```
+
+Reverse geocoding uses Apple MapKit and requires macOS 26 or newer. It can require network access and may be rate-limited by Apple, so results are cached in `.photoscli/geocode-cache.jsonl` under the backup root. On older macOS versions, `--reverse-geocode` is treated as unavailable: the export continues, no address fields are added, and the XMP still contains GPS coordinates.
+
+Verify sidecars after an export:
+
+```bash
+./bin/photoscli verify --out ./PhotosBackup --sidecar
+```
+
+This reports missing, zero-byte, unreadable, or asset-ID mismatched `.xmp` files.
+
+Use strict verification for sidecars generated by recent photoscli versions:
+
+```bash
+./bin/photoscli verify --out ./PhotosBackup --sidecar --strict
+```
+
+Strict mode also checks photoscli schema metadata, generator metadata, and the exported filename recorded inside the sidecar.
+
+Inspect one generated sidecar when troubleshooting or scripting:
+
+```bash
+./bin/photoscli sidecar inspect ./PhotosBackup/IMG_0001.xmp
+./bin/photoscli sidecar inspect ./PhotosBackup/IMG_0001.xmp --json
+```
+
+Refresh metadata only for an existing manifest-backed backup:
+
+```bash
+./bin/photoscli backup-all --out ./PhotosBackup --sidecar xmp --metadata-only
+```
+
+Metadata-only mode does not re-export media files. It uses manifest paths to find existing files and rewrites generated `.xmp` sidecars next to them. It requires `--sidecar xmp` and an enabled manifest.
 
 If you explicitly request `--sidecar xmp` and the XMP file cannot be written, the asset is counted as failed.
 
@@ -578,6 +618,7 @@ media = "photos"
 retry = 3
 log = true
 sidecar = "xmp"
+reverse-geocode = true
 ```
 
 Use a custom config path:

bridge/photokit_bridge.h

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ char *photos_list_albums_json(void);
 
 char *photos_list_assets_json(const char *album_id);
 
+char *photos_reverse_geocode_json(double latitude, double longitude);
+
 char *photos_export_preview_json(
     const char *asset_id,
     const char *output_dir,

bridge/photokit_bridge.m

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 #import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
 #import <Photos/Photos.h>
+#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
+#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
 #import <UniformTypeIdentifiers/UniformTypeIdentifiers.h>
 #import <objc/message.h>
 #import "photokit_bridge.h"
@@ -311,6 +313,87 @@ static NSString *media_type_string(PHAssetMediaType type) {
     }
 }
 
+static NSString *source_type_string(PHAssetSourceType type) {
+    NSMutableArray *parts = [NSMutableArray array];
+    if (type & PHAssetSourceTypeUserLibrary) [parts addObject:@"userLibrary"];
+    if (type & PHAssetSourceTypeCloudShared) [parts addObject:@"cloudShared"];
+    if (type & PHAssetSourceTypeiTunesSynced) [parts addObject:@"iTunesSynced"];
+    return parts.count > 0 ? [parts componentsJoinedByString:@","] : @"unknown";
+}
+
+static NSString *playback_style_string(PHAssetPlaybackStyle style) {
+    switch (style) {
+        case PHAssetPlaybackStyleImage: return @"image";
+        case PHAssetPlaybackStyleImageAnimated: return @"imageAnimated";
+        case PHAssetPlaybackStyleLivePhoto: return @"livePhoto";
+        case PHAssetPlaybackStyleVideo: return @"video";
+        case PHAssetPlaybackStyleVideoLooping: return @"videoLooping";
+        default: return @"unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+static NSArray<NSString *> *media_subtype_strings(PHAssetMediaSubtype subtypes) {
+    NSMutableArray *parts = [NSMutableArray array];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypePhotoPanorama) [parts addObject:@"photoPanorama"];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypePhotoHDR) [parts addObject:@"photoHDR"];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypePhotoScreenshot) [parts addObject:@"photoScreenshot"];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypePhotoLive) [parts addObject:@"photoLive"];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypePhotoDepthEffect) [parts addObject:@"photoDepthEffect"];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypeVideoStreamed) [parts addObject:@"videoStreamed"];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypeVideoHighFrameRate) [parts addObject:@"videoHighFrameRate"];
+    if (subtypes & PHAssetMediaSubtypeVideoTimelapse) [parts addObject:@"videoTimelapse"];
+    return parts;
+}
+
+static NSArray<NSString *> *burst_selection_type_strings(PHAssetBurstSelectionType types) {
+    NSMutableArray *parts = [NSMutableArray array];
+    if (types & PHAssetBurstSelectionTypeAutoPick) [parts addObject:@"autoPick"];
+    if (types & PHAssetBurstSelectionTypeUserPick) [parts addObject:@"userPick"];
+    return parts;
+}
+
+static NSNumber *resource_file_size(PHAssetResource *res) {
+    @try {
+        id value = [res valueForKey:@"fileSize"];
+        if ([value respondsToSelector:@selector(longLongValue)]) {
+            return @([value longLongValue]);
+        }
+    } @catch (NSException *e) {}
+    return nil;
+}
+
+static NSDictionary *location_dict(CLLocation *location) {
+    if (!location) return nil;
+    NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
+    dict[@"latitude"] = @(location.coordinate.latitude);
+    dict[@"longitude"] = @(location.coordinate.longitude);
+    dict[@"altitude"] = @(location.altitude);
+    dict[@"horizontalAccuracy"] = @(location.horizontalAccuracy);
+    return dict;
+}
+
+static NSDictionary *editing_input_info(PHAsset *asset) {
+    PHContentEditingInputRequestOptions *opts = [[PHContentEditingInputRequestOptions alloc] init];
+    opts.networkAccessAllowed = NO;
+    dispatch_semaphore_t sem = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
+    __block NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
+    [asset requestContentEditingInputWithOptions:opts completionHandler:^(PHContentEditingInput *input, NSDictionary *info) {
+        if (input.adjustmentData) {
+            dict[@"formatIdentifier"] = input.adjustmentData.formatIdentifier ?: @"";
+            dict[@"formatVersion"] = input.adjustmentData.formatVersion ?: @"";
+        }
+        NSURL *url = input.fullSizeImageURL;
+        if (url.lastPathComponent.length > 0) {
+            dict[@"baseFilename"] = url.lastPathComponent;
+        }
+        dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
+    }];
+    if (!semaphore_wait_with_timeout(sem, 5)) {
+        return nil;
+    }
+    return dict.count > 0 ? dict : nil;
+}
+
 static NSString *iso8601_string(NSDate *date) {
     if (!date) return nil;
     static NSDateFormatter *fmt = nil;
@@ -355,18 +438,22 @@ char *photos_list_assets_json(const char *album_id) {
         NSString *mediaTypeStr = media_type_string(asset.mediaType);
 
         NSString *creationDateStr = iso8601_string(asset.creationDate);
+        NSString *modificationDateStr = iso8601_string(asset.modificationDate);
 
         NSMutableArray *resourcesList = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:resources.count];
         for (PHAssetResource *res in resources) {
             NSString *resTypeStr = resource_type_string(res.type);
             NSString *uti = res.uniformTypeIdentifier ?: @"";
             BOOL isLocal = resource_is_locally_available(res);
-            [resourcesList addObject:@{
+            NSMutableDictionary *resourceDict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:@{
                 @"type": resTypeStr,
                 @"filename": res.originalFilename ?: @"",
                 @"uti": uti,
                 @"local": @(isLocal)
             }];
+            NSNumber *size = resource_file_size(res);
+            if (size) resourceDict[@"size"] = size;
+            [resourcesList addObject:resourceDict];
         }
 
         NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:@{
@@ -374,17 +461,37 @@ char *photos_list_assets_json(const char *album_id) {
             @"filename": filename ?: @"",
             @"cloud": cloudStatus,
             @"mediaType": mediaTypeStr,
+            @"mediaSubtypes": media_subtype_strings(asset.mediaSubtypes),
+            @"sourceType": source_type_string(asset.sourceType),
+            @"playbackStyle": playback_style_string(asset.playbackStyle),
             @"pixelWidth": @(asset.pixelWidth),
             @"pixelHeight": @(asset.pixelHeight),
             @"duration": @(asset.duration),
-            @"isFavorite": @(asset.isFavorite)
+            @"isFavorite": @(asset.isFavorite),
+            @"isHidden": @(asset.isHidden),
+            @"representsBurst": @(asset.representsBurst),
+            @"burstSelectionTypes": burst_selection_type_strings(asset.burstSelectionTypes)
         }];
         if (creationDateStr) {
             dict[@"creationDate"] = creationDateStr;
         }
+        if (modificationDateStr) {
+            dict[@"modificationDate"] = modificationDateStr;
+        }
+        NSDictionary *loc = location_dict(asset.location);
+        if (loc) {
+            dict[@"location"] = loc;
+        }
+        if (asset.burstIdentifier.length > 0) {
+            dict[@"burstIdentifier"] = asset.burstIdentifier;
+        }
         if (@available(macOS 12, *)) {
             dict[@"hasAdjustments"] = @(asset.hasAdjustments);
         }
+        NSDictionary *adjustmentInfo = editing_input_info(asset);
+        if (adjustmentInfo) {
+            dict[@"adjustmentInfo"] = adjustmentInfo;
+        }
         if (resourcesList.count > 0) {
             dict[@"resources"] = resourcesList;
         }
@@ -394,6 +501,36 @@ char *photos_list_assets_json(const char *album_id) {
     return json_from_object(@{@"assets": list, @"total": @(assets.count)});
 }
 
+char *photos_reverse_geocode_json(double latitude, double longitude) {
+    if (@available(macOS 26.0, *)) {
+        CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc] initWithLatitude:latitude longitude:longitude];
+        MKReverseGeocodingRequest *request = [[MKReverseGeocodingRequest alloc] initWithLocation:location];
+        dispatch_semaphore_t sem = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
+        __block MKMapItem *item = nil;
+        __block NSError *mapErr = nil;
+        [request getMapItemsWithCompletionHandler:^(NSArray<MKMapItem *> *mapItems, NSError *error) {
+            mapErr = error;
+            item = mapItems.firstObject;
+            dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
+        }];
+        if (!semaphore_wait_with_timeout(sem, 10)) {
+            [request cancel];
+            return json_from_object(@{@"error": @"timeout waiting for reverse geocode"});
+        }
+        if (mapErr || !item) {
+            NSString *msg = mapErr.localizedDescription ?: @"reverse geocode failed";
+            return json_from_object(@{@"error": msg});
+        }
+        NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
+        if (item.name) dict[@"name"] = item.name;
+        if (item.address.fullAddress) dict[@"formattedAddress"] = item.address.fullAddress;
+        if (item.address.shortAddress) dict[@"thoroughfare"] = item.address.shortAddress;
+        return json_from_object(@{@"placemark": dict});
+    }
+
+    return json_from_object(@{@"error": @"reverse geocoding requires macOS 26 or newer"});
+}
+
 char *photos_list_tree_json(void) {
     PHFetchResult<PHCollection *> *collections = [PHCollectionList fetchTopLevelUserCollectionsWithOptions:nil];
 
@@ -709,4 +846,4 @@ int photos_get_progress_slot_count(void) {
 
 void photos_reset_progress_slots(void) {
     memset(progress_slots, 0, sizeof(progress_slots));
-}
+}

bridge/photokit_bridge_stub.c

@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ static int stub_access_rc = 0;
 static const char *stub_albums_json = "{\"albums\":[]}";
 static const char *stub_assets_json = "{\"assets\":[]}";
 static const char *stub_tree_json = "{\"collections\":[]}";
+static const char *stub_geocode_json = "{\"placemark\":{}}";
 static int stub_albums_null = 0;
 static int stub_assets_null = 0;
 static int stub_tree_null = 0;
+static int stub_geocode_null = 0;
 static int stub_cancelled = 0;
 static const char *stub_export_preview_json = NULL;
 static const char *stub_export_original_json = NULL;
@@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ void photos_test_set_access(int rc) { stub_access_rc = rc; }
 void photos_test_set_albums(const char *json) { stub_albums_json = json; stub_albums_null = 0; }
 void photos_test_set_assets(const char *json) { stub_assets_json = json; stub_assets_null = 0; }
 void photos_test_set_tree(const char *json) { stub_tree_json = json; stub_tree_null = 0; }
+void photos_test_set_geocode(const char *json) { stub_geocode_json = json; stub_geocode_null = 0; }
+void photos_test_set_geocode_null(void) { stub_geocode_null = 1; }
 void photos_test_set_albums_null(void) { stub_albums_null = 1; }
 void photos_test_set_assets_null(void) { stub_assets_null = 1; }
 void photos_test_set_tree_null(void) { stub_tree_null = 1; }
@@ -51,6 +55,13 @@ char *photos_list_assets_json(const char *album_id) {
     return alloc_json(stub_assets_json);
 }
 
+char *photos_reverse_geocode_json(double latitude, double longitude) {
+    (void)latitude;
+    (void)longitude;
+    if (stub_geocode_null) return NULL;
+    return alloc_json(stub_geocode_json);
+}
+
 char *photos_export_preview_json(const char *asset_id, const char *output_dir, int target_size, int quality, int index, int slot_index) {
     (void)asset_id;
     (void)output_dir;

cmd/photoscli/main.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"encoding/xml"
 	"fmt"
@@ -25,23 +26,27 @@ var (
 	mkdirTempFunc        = os.MkdirTemp
 	createTempFunc       = os.CreateTemp
 	writeFileFunc        = os.WriteFile
+	readFileFunc         = os.ReadFile
+	statFunc             = os.Stat
 	renameFunc           = os.Rename
 	openFileFunc         = os.OpenFile
 	removeFunc           = os.Remove
 )
 
 type exportOptions struct {
-	dryRun        bool
+	dryRun         bool
-	retry         int
+	retry          int
-	onlyFavorites bool
+	onlyFavorites  bool
-	media         string
+	media          string
-	jsonOut       bool
+	jsonOut        bool
-	verify        bool
+	verify         bool
-	format        string
+	format         string
-	sidecar       string
+	sidecar        string
-	minSize       int64
+	metadataOnly   bool
-	maxSize       int64
+	reverseGeocode bool
-	dateTemplate  string
+	minSize        int64
+	maxSize        int64
+	dateTemplate   string
 }
 
 type commandSummary struct {
@@ -87,6 +92,8 @@ func run(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge) int {
 		return cmdFailures(args[1:], stdout, stderr)
 	case "status":
 		return cmdStatus(args[1:], stdout, stderr)
+	case "sidecar":
+		return cmdSidecar(args[1:], stdout, stderr)
 	case "version", "--version", "-v":
 		fmt.Fprintln(stdout, version)
 		return exitOK
@@ -128,6 +135,7 @@ USAGE
   photoscli retry-failed --out <dir> --clear-on-success
   photoscli failures list --out <dir>
   photoscli failures clear --out <dir>
+  photoscli sidecar inspect <file.xmp> [--json]
   photoscli status --out <dir> [--json]
   photoscli version
   photoscli help
@@ -164,6 +172,8 @@ COMMANDS
   verify --out <dir> [--manifest jsonl|sqlite]
       Verify that manifest entries point to files that exist on disk. Missing
       files are printed as <asset-id><TAB><filename>. Exits 2 on missing files.
+      Add --sidecar to verify expected XMP sidecars too. Add --strict with
+      --sidecar to require photoscli schema/generator and exported filename metadata.
 
   retry-failed --out <dir>
       Retry assets previously written to failures.jsonl.
@@ -171,6 +181,9 @@ COMMANDS
   failures list|clear --out <dir>
       List or clear deduplicated failure records.
 
+  sidecar inspect <file.xmp> [--json]
+      Read a generated XMP sidecar and print key photoscli metadata.
+
   status --out <dir> [--manifest jsonl|sqlite] [--json]
       Show manifest type, entry count, and failure count for a backup.
 
@@ -216,6 +229,14 @@ COMMON EXPORT FLAGS
       Write opt-in XMP sidecar metadata next to each exported file. Default:
       none. If XMP writing fails, the asset is counted as failed.
 
+  --metadata-only
+      With --sidecar xmp, write or refresh XMP sidecars for files already in
+      the manifest without exporting media files. Requires a manifest.
+
+  --reverse-geocode
+      With --sidecar xmp, use Apple MapKit on macOS 26+ to add address metadata
+      for assets with GPS coordinates. Results are cached under .photoscli.
+
 FILTERING AND SELECTION
   --since <date>
       Include only assets on or after a date. Accepts YYYY-MM-DD or RFC3339.
@@ -284,6 +305,8 @@ CONFIGURATION
       sort = "newest"
       retry = 3
       log = true
+      sidecar = "xmp"
+      reverse-geocode = true
 
   Command-line flags override config values.
 
@@ -434,6 +457,10 @@ func cmdExport(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge) in
 		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: --out is required")
 		return exitErr
 	}
+	if opts.metadataOnly && noManifest {
+		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: --metadata-only requires a manifest")
+		return exitErr
+	}
 
 	mf, mfErr := manifest.ParseFormat(manifestFmt)
 	if mfErr != nil {
@@ -536,8 +563,17 @@ func cmdExport(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge) in
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "dry-run: %d assets would be exported to %s\n", total, outDir)
 		return exitOK
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "exporting %d assets (%s) to %s...\n", total, exportMode(originals), outDir)
+	var exported, failed int
-	exported, failed := exportAssets(assets, outDir, size, quality, concurrency, originals, total, stderr, bridge, "", noManifest, mf, enableLog, opts)
+	if opts.metadataOnly {
+		m, _ := manifest.Open(outDir, mf)
+		defer m.Close()
+		entries := manifestEntries(m)
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "writing metadata for %d assets to %s...\n", total, outDir)
+		exported, failed = metadataOnlyAssets(assets, outDir, originals, "", entries, opts, bridge)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "exporting %d assets (%s) to %s...\n", total, exportMode(originals), outDir)
+		exported, failed = exportAssets(assets, outDir, size, quality, concurrency, originals, total, stderr, bridge, "", noManifest, mf, enableLog, opts)
+	}
 	if opts.jsonOut {
 		writeJSONSummary(stdout, commandSummary{Exported: exported, Failed: failed, Total: total})
 	}
@@ -552,7 +588,9 @@ func cmdExport(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge) in
 		return exitErr
 	}
 
-	if originals {
+	if opts.metadataOnly {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\nwrote %d metadata sidecars to %s", exported, outDir)
+	} else if originals {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\nexported %d original files to %s", exported, outDir)
 	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\nexported %d photos to %s", exported, outDir)
@@ -592,6 +630,10 @@ func cmdBackupAll(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge)
 		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: --out is required")
 		return exitErr
 	}
+	if opts.metadataOnly && noManifest {
+		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: --metadata-only requires a manifest")
+		return exitErr
+	}
 
 	mf, mfErr := manifest.ParseFormat(manifestFmt)
 	if mfErr != nil {
@@ -665,13 +707,25 @@ func cmdBackupAll(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge)
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "dry-run: %d assets would be exported (%d skipped)\n", len(pending), skipped)
 		return exitOK
 	}
-	totalAssets, failed, err := backupTree(nodes, outDir, size, quality, concurrency, originals, skipVideos, stderr, bridge, noManifest, mf, sortNewest, excludeAlbums, sinceTime, enableLog, opts)
+	var totalAssets, failed int
+	if opts.metadataOnly {
+		m, _ := manifest.Open(outDir, mf)
+		entries := manifestEntries(m)
+		m.Close()
+		pending, skipped := collectPendingAssets(nodes, outDir, bridge, skipVideos, originals, nil, nil, sortNewest, excludeAlbums, sinceTime, opts)
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "  indexed %d metadata entries (%d skipped), writing sidecars to %s...\n", len(pending), skipped, outDir)
+		totalAssets, failed = metadataOnlyPending(pending, entries, originals, opts, bridge)
+	} else {
+		totalAssets, failed, err = backupTree(nodes, outDir, size, quality, concurrency, originals, skipVideos, stderr, bridge, noManifest, mf, sortNewest, excludeAlbums, sinceTime, enableLog, opts)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "error: %v\n", err)
 		return exitErr
 	}
 
-	if originals {
+	if opts.metadataOnly {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\nwrote %d metadata sidecars across %d albums to %s", totalAssets, albumCount, outDir)
+	} else if originals {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\nexported %d original files across %d albums to %s", totalAssets, albumCount, outDir)
 	} else {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "\nexported %d preview files across %d albums to %s", totalAssets, albumCount, outDir)
@@ -740,22 +794,94 @@ func addManifestEntry(m manifest.Manifest, pa pendingAsset, result photos.Export
 }
 
 type xmpSidecarData struct {
-	AssetID          string
+	AssetID             string
-	OriginalFilename string
+	OriginalFilename    string
-	ExportedFilename string
+	ExportedFilename    string
-	Album            string
+	Album               string
-	AlbumPath        string
+	AlbumPath           string
-	ManifestPath     string
+	Keywords            []string
-	MediaType        string
+	ManifestPath        string
-	PixelWidth       int
+	MediaType           string
-	PixelHeight      int
+	MediaSubtypes       []string
-	IsFavorite       bool
+	SourceType          string
-	Cloud            string
+	PlaybackStyle       string
-	ExportMode       string
+	PixelWidth          int
-	PhotoscliVersion string
+	PixelHeight         int
-	ExportedAt       string
+	Duration            float64
-	Size             int64
+	IsFavorite          bool
-	CreateDate       string
+	IsHidden            bool
+	HasAdjustments      bool
+	Cloud               string
+	ExportMode          string
+	PhotoscliVersion    string
+	ExportedAt          string
+	Size                int64
+	CreateDate          string
+	ModifyDate          string
+	Location            *photos.AssetLocation
+	Placemark           *photos.Placemark
+	BurstIdentifier     string
+	RepresentsBurst     bool
+	BurstSelectionTypes []string
+	AdjustmentInfo      *photos.AdjustmentInfo
+	Resources           []photos.AssetResource
+}
+
+type geocodeCache struct {
+	path  string
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	items map[string]photos.Placemark
+}
+
+type geocodeCacheEntry struct {
+	Key       string           `json:"key"`
+	Placemark photos.Placemark `json:"placemark"`
+}
+
+func newGeocodeCache(root string) *geocodeCache {
+	c := &geocodeCache{path: filepath.Join(root, ".photoscli", "geocode-cache.jsonl"), items: map[string]photos.Placemark{}}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(c.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(data), "\n") {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(line) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		var e geocodeCacheEntry
+		if json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &e) == nil && e.Key != "" {
+			c.items[e.Key] = e.Placemark
+		}
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+func geocodeKey(lat, lon float64) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%.5f,%.5f", lat, lon) }
+
+func (c *geocodeCache) lookup(lat, lon float64, bridge photos.Bridge) *photos.Placemark {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	key := geocodeKey(lat, lon)
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	if p, ok := c.items[key]; ok {
+		c.mu.Unlock()
+		return &p
+	}
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	p, err := bridge.ReverseGeocode(lat, lon)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.items[key] = p
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(c.path), 0755)
+	if f, err := openFileFunc(c.path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0644); err == nil {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(geocodeCacheEntry{Key: key, Placemark: p})
+		_ = f.Close()
+	}
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	return &p
 }
 
 func sidecarPath(exportedPath string) string {
@@ -765,6 +891,7 @@ func sidecarPath(exportedPath string) string {
 
 func renderXMP(d xmpSidecarData) []byte {
 	attrs := []struct{ key, val string }{
+		{"photoscli:xmpSchemaVersion", "2"},
 		{"photoscli:assetID", d.AssetID},
 		{"photoscli:originalFilename", d.OriginalFilename},
 		{"photoscli:exportedFilename", d.ExportedFilename},
@@ -772,24 +899,75 @@ func renderXMP(d xmpSidecarData) []byte {
 		{"photoscli:albumPath", d.AlbumPath},
 		{"photoscli:manifestPath", d.ManifestPath},
 		{"photoscli:mediaType", d.MediaType},
+		{"photoscli:sourceType", d.SourceType},
+		{"photoscli:playbackStyle", d.PlaybackStyle},
 		{"photoscli:pixelWidth", fmt.Sprintf("%d", d.PixelWidth)},
 		{"photoscli:pixelHeight", fmt.Sprintf("%d", d.PixelHeight)},
+		{"photoscli:duration", fmt.Sprintf("%.3f", d.Duration)},
 		{"photoscli:isFavorite", fmt.Sprintf("%t", d.IsFavorite)},
+		{"photoscli:isHidden", fmt.Sprintf("%t", d.IsHidden)},
+		{"photoscli:hasAdjustments", fmt.Sprintf("%t", d.HasAdjustments)},
 		{"photoscli:cloud", d.Cloud},
+		{"photoscli:burstIdentifier", d.BurstIdentifier},
+		{"photoscli:representsBurst", fmt.Sprintf("%t", d.RepresentsBurst)},
 		{"photoscli:exportMode", d.ExportMode},
 		{"photoscli:photoscliVersion", d.PhotoscliVersion},
 		{"photoscli:exportedAt", d.ExportedAt},
 		{"photoscli:size", fmt.Sprintf("%d", d.Size)},
 		{"dc:title", d.ExportedFilename},
+		{"xmp:MetadataDate", d.ExportedAt},
+		{"photoscli:sidecarGeneratedAt", d.ExportedAt},
+		{"photoscli:sidecarGenerator", "photoscli " + d.PhotoscliVersion},
+	}
+	if d.IsFavorite {
+		attrs = append(attrs, struct{ key, val string }{"xmp:Rating", "5"})
 	}
 	if d.CreateDate != "" {
-		attrs = append(attrs, struct{ key, val string }{"xmp:CreateDate", d.CreateDate})
+		attrs = append(attrs,
+			struct{ key, val string }{"xmp:CreateDate", d.CreateDate},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoshop:DateCreated", d.CreateDate},
+		)
+	}
+	if d.ModifyDate != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, struct{ key, val string }{"xmp:ModifyDate", d.ModifyDate})
+	}
+	if d.Location != nil {
+		attrs = append(attrs,
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:latitude", fmt.Sprintf("%.8f", d.Location.Latitude)},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:longitude", fmt.Sprintf("%.8f", d.Location.Longitude)},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:altitude", fmt.Sprintf("%.3f", d.Location.Altitude)},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:horizontalAccuracy", fmt.Sprintf("%.3f", d.Location.HorizontalAccuracy)},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"exif:GPSLatitude", fmt.Sprintf("%.8f", d.Location.Latitude)},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"exif:GPSLongitude", fmt.Sprintf("%.8f", d.Location.Longitude)},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"exif:GPSAltitude", fmt.Sprintf("%.3f", d.Location.Altitude)},
+		)
+	}
+	if d.Placemark != nil {
+		attrs = append(attrs,
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressName", d.Placemark.Name},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressCountry", d.Placemark.Country},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressCountryCode", d.Placemark.CountryCode},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressRegion", d.Placemark.AdministrativeArea},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressCity", d.Placemark.Locality},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressSubLocality", d.Placemark.SubLocality},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressStreet", strings.TrimSpace(d.Placemark.Thoroughfare + " " + d.Placemark.SubThoroughfare)},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressPostalCode", d.Placemark.PostalCode},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:addressFormatted", d.Placemark.FormattedAddress},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:reverseGeocoder", "MapKit"},
+		)
+	}
+	if d.AdjustmentInfo != nil {
+		attrs = append(attrs,
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:adjustmentFormatIdentifier", d.AdjustmentInfo.FormatIdentifier},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:adjustmentFormatVersion", d.AdjustmentInfo.FormatVersion},
+			struct{ key, val string }{"photoscli:adjustmentBaseFilename", d.AdjustmentInfo.BaseFilename},
+		)
 	}
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	sb.WriteString("<?xpacket begin=\"\" id=\"W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d\"?>\n")
 	sb.WriteString("<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x=\"adobe:ns:meta/\">\n")
 	sb.WriteString("  <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#\">\n")
-	sb.WriteString("    <rdf:Description xmlns:photoscli=\"https://gitea.k3s.k0.nu/tools/photocli/ns/1.0/\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:xmp=\"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\"")
+	sb.WriteString("    <rdf:Description xmlns:photoscli=\"https://gitea.k3s.k0.nu/tools/photocli/ns/1.0/\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:xmp=\"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\" xmlns:exif=\"http://ns.adobe.com/exif/1.0/\" xmlns:photoshop=\"http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/\"")
 	for _, a := range attrs {
 		sb.WriteString("\n      ")
 		sb.WriteString(a.key)
@@ -797,13 +975,72 @@ func renderXMP(d xmpSidecarData) []byte {
 		xml.EscapeText(&sb, []byte(a.val))
 		sb.WriteString("\"")
 	}
-	sb.WriteString(" />\n")
+	sb.WriteString(" >\n")
+	writeStringSeq(&sb, "dc:subject", d.Keywords)
+	writeStringSeq(&sb, "photoscli:mediaSubtypes", d.MediaSubtypes)
+	writeStringSeq(&sb, "photoscli:burstSelectionTypes", d.BurstSelectionTypes)
+	writeStringSeq(&sb, "photoscli:areasOfInterest", func() []string {
+		if d.Placemark == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return d.Placemark.AreasOfInterest
+	}())
+	writeResourceSeq(&sb, d.Resources)
+	sb.WriteString("    </rdf:Description>\n")
 	sb.WriteString("  </rdf:RDF>\n")
 	sb.WriteString("</x:xmpmeta>\n")
 	sb.WriteString("<?xpacket end=\"w\"?>\n")
 	return []byte(sb.String())
 }
 
+func keywordsFromAlbumPath(album, albumPath string) []string {
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	var out []string
+	add := func(v string) {
+		v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		if v == "" || v == "." || seen[v] {
+			return
+		}
+		seen[v] = true
+		out = append(out, v)
+	}
+	add(album)
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(filepath.ToSlash(albumPath), "/") {
+		add(part)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func writeStringSeq(sb *strings.Builder, name string, vals []string) {
+	if len(vals) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	sb.WriteString("\n      <" + name + "><rdf:Seq>")
+	for _, v := range vals {
+		sb.WriteString("<rdf:li>")
+		xml.EscapeText(sb, []byte(v))
+		sb.WriteString("</rdf:li>")
+	}
+	sb.WriteString("</rdf:Seq></" + name + ">")
+}
+
+func writeResourceSeq(sb *strings.Builder, resources []photos.AssetResource) {
+	if len(resources) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	sb.WriteString("\n      <photoscli:resources><rdf:Seq>")
+	for _, r := range resources {
+		sb.WriteString("<rdf:li><rdf:Description")
+		for _, a := range []struct{ key, val string }{{"photoscli:resourceType", r.Type}, {"photoscli:resourceFilename", r.Filename}, {"photoscli:resourceUTI", r.UTI}, {"photoscli:resourceLocal", fmt.Sprintf("%t", r.Local)}, {"photoscli:resourceSize", fmt.Sprintf("%d", r.Size)}} {
+			sb.WriteString(" " + a.key + "=\"")
+			xml.EscapeText(sb, []byte(a.val))
+			sb.WriteString("\"")
+		}
+		sb.WriteString(" /></rdf:li>")
+	}
+	sb.WriteString("</rdf:Seq></photoscli:resources>")
+}
+
 func writeXMPSidecar(path string, data xmpSidecarData) error {
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0755); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -825,7 +1062,7 @@ func writeXMPSidecar(path string, data xmpSidecarData) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa pendingAsset, result photos.ExportResult, originals bool, opts exportOptions) error {
+func writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa pendingAsset, result photos.ExportResult, originals bool, opts exportOptions, cache *geocodeCache, bridge photos.Bridge) error {
 	if opts.sidecar != "xmp" {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -842,30 +1079,97 @@ func writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa pendingAsset, result photos.ExportResult, originals
 	if err != nil || strings.HasPrefix(relPath, "..") {
 		relPath = result.Filename
 	}
+	relDir, err := filepath.Rel(root, pa.path)
+	if err != nil || strings.HasPrefix(relDir, "..") || relDir == "." {
+		relDir = ""
+	}
 	createDate := ""
 	if pa.asset.CreationDate != nil {
 		createDate = *pa.asset.CreationDate
 	}
+	modifyDate := ""
+	if pa.asset.ModificationDate != nil {
+		modifyDate = *pa.asset.ModificationDate
+	}
+	var placemark *photos.Placemark
+	if opts.reverseGeocode && pa.asset.Location != nil && cache != nil {
+		placemark = cache.lookup(pa.asset.Location.Latitude, pa.asset.Location.Longitude, bridge)
+	}
 	return writeXMPSidecar(sidecarPath(fullPath), xmpSidecarData{
-		AssetID:          pa.asset.ID,
+		AssetID:             pa.asset.ID,
-		OriginalFilename: pa.asset.Filename,
+		OriginalFilename:    pa.asset.Filename,
-		ExportedFilename: result.Filename,
+		ExportedFilename:    result.Filename,
-		Album:            pa.album,
+		Album:               pa.album,
-		AlbumPath:        pa.path,
+		AlbumPath:           pa.path,
-		ManifestPath:     relPath,
+		Keywords:            keywordsFromAlbumPath(pa.album, relDir),
-		MediaType:        pa.asset.MediaType,
+		ManifestPath:        relPath,
-		PixelWidth:       pa.asset.PixelWidth,
+		MediaType:           pa.asset.MediaType,
-		PixelHeight:      pa.asset.PixelHeight,
+		MediaSubtypes:       pa.asset.MediaSubtypes,
-		IsFavorite:       pa.asset.IsFavorite,
+		SourceType:          pa.asset.SourceType,
-		Cloud:            result.Cloud,
+		PlaybackStyle:       pa.asset.PlaybackStyle,
-		ExportMode:       mode,
+		PixelWidth:          pa.asset.PixelWidth,
-		PhotoscliVersion: version,
+		PixelHeight:         pa.asset.PixelHeight,
-		ExportedAt:       time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Duration:            pa.asset.Duration,
-		Size:             result.Size,
+		IsFavorite:          pa.asset.IsFavorite,
-		CreateDate:       createDate,
+		IsHidden:            pa.asset.IsHidden,
+		HasAdjustments:      pa.asset.HasAdjustments,
+		Cloud:               result.Cloud,
+		ExportMode:          mode,
+		PhotoscliVersion:    version,
+		ExportedAt:          time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Size:                result.Size,
+		CreateDate:          createDate,
+		ModifyDate:          modifyDate,
+		Location:            pa.asset.Location,
+		Placemark:           placemark,
+		BurstIdentifier:     pa.asset.BurstIdentifier,
+		RepresentsBurst:     pa.asset.RepresentsBurst,
+		BurstSelectionTypes: pa.asset.BurstSelectionTypes,
+		AdjustmentInfo:      pa.asset.AdjustmentInfo,
+		Resources:           pa.asset.Resources,
 	})
 }
 
+func writeMetadataOnlySidecar(pa pendingAsset, entry manifest.Entry, originals bool, opts exportOptions, cache *geocodeCache, bridge photos.Bridge) error {
+	checkPath := entry.Path
+	if checkPath == "" {
+		checkPath = entry.Filename
+	}
+	if checkPath == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("manifest entry has no path")
+	}
+	root := pa.root
+	if root == "" {
+		root = pa.path
+	}
+	fullPath := filepath.Join(root, checkPath)
+	info, err := statFunc(fullPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("metadata target missing: %s", checkPath)
+	}
+	if info.Size() == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("metadata target zero-byte: %s", checkPath)
+	}
+	pa.path = filepath.Dir(fullPath)
+	result := photos.ExportResult{Filename: filepath.Base(fullPath), Size: info.Size(), Cloud: entry.Cloud}
+	return writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa, result, originals, opts, cache, bridge)
+}
+
+func manifestEntries(m manifest.Manifest) map[string]manifest.Entry {
+	if r, ok := m.(manifest.EntryReader); ok {
+		return r.Entries()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func metadataOnlyAssets(assets []photos.Asset, outDir string, originals bool, dirPrefix string, entries map[string]manifest.Entry, opts exportOptions, bridge photos.Bridge) (int, int) {
+	pending := make([]pendingAsset, 0, len(assets))
+	for _, a := range assets {
+		pending = append(pending, pendingAsset{asset: a, root: outDir, path: outDir, album: dirPrefix})
+	}
+	return metadataOnlyPending(pending, entries, originals, opts, bridge)
+}
+
 func collectPendingAssets(nodes []photos.CollectionNode, outDir string, bridge photos.Bridge, skipVideos bool, originals bool, onProgress func(collectProgress), m manifest.Manifest, sortNewest bool, exclude []string, since time.Time, opts exportOptions) ([]pendingAsset, int) {
 	var items []pendingAsset
 	var skipped int
@@ -903,6 +1207,30 @@ func collectPendingAssets(nodes []photos.CollectionNode, outDir string, bridge p
 	return items, skipped
 }
 
+func metadataOnlyPending(pending []pendingAsset, entries map[string]manifest.Entry, originals bool, opts exportOptions, bridge photos.Bridge) (int, int) {
+	var cache *geocodeCache
+	if opts.reverseGeocode && len(pending) > 0 {
+		root := pending[0].root
+		if root == "" {
+			root = pending[0].path
+		}
+		cache = newGeocodeCache(root)
+	}
+	written, failed := 0, 0
+	for _, pa := range pending {
+		entry, ok := entries[pa.asset.ID]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := writeMetadataOnlySidecar(pa, entry, originals, opts, cache, bridge); err != nil {
+			failed++
+			continue
+		}
+		written++
+	}
+	return written, failed
+}
+
 func collectNodes(nodes []photos.CollectionNode, outDir string, bridge photos.Bridge, skipVideos bool, originals bool, items *[]pendingAsset, skipped *int, onProgress func(collectProgress), m manifest.Manifest, exclude []string, opts exportOptions) {
 	names := make(map[string]int)
 	for _, node := range nodes {
@@ -940,7 +1268,7 @@ func collectNodes(nodes []photos.CollectionNode, outDir string, bridge photos.Br
 			}
 			assets = applyAssetFilters(assets, opts)
 			for _, a := range assets {
-				if m != nil && m.Has(a.ID) {
+				if m != nil && m.Has(a.ID) && !opts.metadataOnly {
 					*skipped++
 					continue
 				}
@@ -1004,13 +1332,25 @@ func backupTree(nodes []photos.CollectionNode, outDir string, targetSize, qualit
 }
 
 func exportPending(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, originals bool, total int, bar *progressBar, bridge photos.Bridge, m manifest.Manifest, concurrency int, lw manifest.LogWriter, opts exportOptions) (int, int) {
-	if len(pending) < 4 {
+	var cache *geocodeCache
-		return exportPendingSerial(pending, targetSize, quality, originals, total, bar, bridge, m, lw, opts)
+	if opts.reverseGeocode && len(pending) > 0 {
+		root := pending[0].root
+		if root == "" {
+			root = pending[0].path
+		}
+		cache = newGeocodeCache(root)
 	}
-	return exportPendingParallel(pending, targetSize, quality, originals, total, bar, bridge, concurrency, m, lw, opts)
+	if len(pending) < 4 {
+		return exportPendingSerial(pending, targetSize, quality, originals, total, bar, bridge, m, lw, opts, cache)
+	}
+	return exportPendingParallel(pending, targetSize, quality, originals, total, bar, bridge, concurrency, m, lw, opts, cache)
 }
 
-func exportPendingSerial(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, originals bool, total int, bar *progressBar, bridge photos.Bridge, m manifest.Manifest, lw manifest.LogWriter, opts exportOptions) (int, int) {
+func exportPendingSerial(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, originals bool, total int, bar *progressBar, bridge photos.Bridge, m manifest.Manifest, lw manifest.LogWriter, opts exportOptions, cache ...*geocodeCache) (int, int) {
+	var geo *geocodeCache
+	if len(cache) > 0 {
+		geo = cache[0]
+	}
 	done := 0
 	failed := 0
 	var totalBytes int64
@@ -1039,7 +1379,7 @@ func exportPendingSerial(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, origin
 		} else if isSkipped {
 			addManifestEntry(m, pa, result)
 		} else {
-			if sidecarErr := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa, result, originals, opts); sidecarErr != nil {
+			if sidecarErr := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa, result, originals, opts, geo, bridge); sidecarErr != nil {
 				failed++
 				exportErr = sidecarErr
 				isErr = true
@@ -1075,7 +1415,11 @@ func exportPendingSerial(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, origin
 	return done, failed
 }
 
-func exportPendingParallel(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, originals bool, total int, bar *progressBar, bridge photos.Bridge, workers int, m manifest.Manifest, lw manifest.LogWriter, opts exportOptions) (int, int) {
+func exportPendingParallel(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, originals bool, total int, bar *progressBar, bridge photos.Bridge, workers int, m manifest.Manifest, lw manifest.LogWriter, opts exportOptions, cache ...*geocodeCache) (int, int) {
+	var geo *geocodeCache
+	if len(cache) > 0 {
+		geo = cache[0]
+	}
 	type resultEntry struct {
 		result photos.ExportResult
 		err    error
@@ -1175,7 +1519,7 @@ func exportPendingParallel(pending []pendingAsset, targetSize, quality int, orig
 		} else if isSkipped {
 			addManifestEntry(m, entry.pa, entry.result)
 		} else {
-			if sidecarErr := writeSidecarIfNeeded(entry.pa, entry.result, originals, opts); sidecarErr != nil {
+			if sidecarErr := writeSidecarIfNeeded(entry.pa, entry.result, originals, opts, geo, bridge); sidecarErr != nil {
 				failed++
 				entry.err = sidecarErr
 				isErr = true
@@ -1524,14 +1868,16 @@ func exportMode(originals bool) string {
 
 func parseExportOptions(args []string, stderr io.Writer) (exportOptions, bool) {
 	opts := exportOptions{
-		dryRun:        hasFlag(args, "--dry-run"),
+		dryRun:         hasFlag(args, "--dry-run"),
-		onlyFavorites: hasFlag(args, "--only-favorites"),
+		onlyFavorites:  hasFlag(args, "--only-favorites"),
-		media:         flagValWithDefault(args, "--media", "photos"),
+		media:          flagValWithDefault(args, "--media", "photos"),
-		jsonOut:       hasFlag(args, "--json"),
+		jsonOut:        hasFlag(args, "--json"),
-		verify:        hasFlag(args, "--verify"),
+		verify:         hasFlag(args, "--verify"),
-		format:        flagValWithDefault(args, "--format", "jpeg"),
+		format:         flagValWithDefault(args, "--format", "jpeg"),
-		sidecar:       flagValWithDefault(args, "--sidecar", "none"),
+		sidecar:        flagValWithDefault(args, "--sidecar", "none"),
-		dateTemplate:  flagVal(args, "--date-template"),
+		metadataOnly:   hasFlag(args, "--metadata-only"),
+		reverseGeocode: hasFlag(args, "--reverse-geocode"),
+		dateTemplate:   flagVal(args, "--date-template"),
 	}
 	if opts.media != "photos" && opts.media != "videos" && opts.media != "all" {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "error: --media must be photos, videos, or all, got %q\n", opts.media)
@@ -1545,6 +1891,10 @@ func parseExportOptions(args []string, stderr io.Writer) (exportOptions, bool) {
 		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "error: --sidecar must be none or xmp, got %q\n", opts.sidecar)
 		return opts, false
 	}
+	if opts.metadataOnly && opts.sidecar != "xmp" {
+		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: --metadata-only requires --sidecar xmp")
+		return opts, false
+	}
 	if v := flagVal(args, "--retry"); v != "" {
 		n, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
 		if err != nil || n < 0 {
@@ -1767,6 +2117,8 @@ func cmdDiff(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge) int
 
 func cmdVerify(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer) int {
 	outDir := flagVal(args, "--out")
+	checkSidecar := hasFlag(args, "--sidecar")
+	strictSidecar := hasFlag(args, "--strict")
 	if outDir == "" {
 		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: --out is required")
 		return exitErr
@@ -1805,6 +2157,9 @@ func cmdVerify(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer) int {
 			bad++
 			fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsize-mismatch\tmanifest=%d\tdisk=%d\n", id, checkPath, e.Size, info.Size())
 		}
+		if checkSidecar {
+			bad += verifySidecar(stdout, outDir, id, checkPath, strictSidecar)
+		}
 	}
 	if bad > 0 {
 		return exitPartial
@@ -1813,6 +2168,111 @@ func cmdVerify(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer) int {
 	return exitOK
 }
 
+func verifySidecar(stdout io.Writer, outDir, id, checkPath string, strict bool) int {
+	xmpPath := sidecarPath(filepath.Join(outDir, checkPath))
+	rel, err := filepath.Rel(outDir, xmpPath)
+	if err != nil || strings.HasPrefix(rel, "..") {
+		rel = xmpPath
+	}
+	info, err := statFunc(xmpPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsidecar-missing\n", id, rel)
+		return 1
+	}
+	if info.Size() == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsidecar-zero-byte\n", id, rel)
+		return 1
+	}
+	data, err := readFileFunc(xmpPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsidecar-unreadable\n", id, rel)
+		return 1
+	}
+	needle := `photoscli:assetID="` + id + `"`
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), needle) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsidecar-asset-mismatch\n", id, rel)
+		return 1
+	}
+	if strict {
+		meta := inspectXMP(data)
+		if meta["xmpSchemaVersion"] != "2" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsidecar-schema-missing\n", id, rel)
+			return 1
+		}
+		if meta["sidecarGenerator"] == "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsidecar-generator-missing\n", id, rel)
+			return 1
+		}
+		if meta["exportedFilename"] != filepath.Base(checkPath) {
+			fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\tsidecar-filename-mismatch\n", id, rel)
+			return 1
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func cmdSidecar(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer) int {
+	if len(args) < 1 || args[0] != "inspect" {
+		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: expected sidecar inspect <file.xmp>")
+		return exitErr
+	}
+	if len(args) < 2 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: sidecar inspect requires <file.xmp>")
+		return exitErr
+	}
+	path := args[1]
+	data, err := readFileFunc(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "error: %v\n", err)
+		return exitErr
+	}
+	meta := inspectXMP(data)
+	if len(meta) == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(stderr, "error: no photoscli metadata found")
+		return exitErr
+	}
+	if hasFlag(args[2:], "--json") {
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(stdout).Encode(meta); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(stderr, "error: %v\n", err)
+			return exitErr
+		}
+		return exitOK
+	}
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(meta))
+	for k := range meta {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		fmt.Fprintf(stdout, "%s\t%s\n", k, meta[k])
+	}
+	return exitOK
+}
+
+func inspectXMP(data []byte) map[string]string {
+	attrs := map[string]string{}
+	dec := xml.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data))
+	for {
+		tok, err := dec.Token()
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return attrs
+		}
+		start, ok := tok.(xml.StartElement)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, a := range start.Attr {
+			if a.Name.Space == "photoscli" || a.Name.Space == "https://gitea.k3s.k0.nu/tools/photocli/ns/1.0/" {
+				attrs[a.Name.Local] = a.Value
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return attrs
+}
+
 func cmdRetryFailed(args []string, stdout, stderr io.Writer, bridge photos.Bridge) int {
 	outDir := flagVal(args, "--out")
 	clearOnSuccess := hasFlag(args, "--clear-on-success")

cmd/photoscli/main_test.go

@@ -31,9 +31,23 @@ type mockBridge struct {
 	treeErr          error
 	exportPreviewFn  func(string, string, int, int, int) (photos.ExportResult, error)
 	exportOrigFn     func(string, string, int) (photos.ExportResult, error)
+	reverseGeocodeFn func(float64, float64) (photos.Placemark, error)
 	cancelled        atomic.Bool
 }
 
+type errWriter struct{}
+
+func (errWriter) Write([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, fmt.Errorf("write") }
+
+type noEntryManifest struct{}
+
+func (noEntryManifest) Has(string) bool                   { return false }
+func (noEntryManifest) Add(string, string, int64, string) {}
+func (noEntryManifest) AddEntry(manifest.Entry)           {}
+func (noEntryManifest) Save() error                       { return nil }
+func (noEntryManifest) Close()                            {}
+func (noEntryManifest) OpenAppend() error                 { return nil }
+
 func (m *mockBridge) RequestAccess() error                { return m.accessErr }
 func (m *mockBridge) ListAlbums() ([]photos.Album, error) { return m.albums, m.albumsErr }
 func (m *mockBridge) ListAssets(albumID string) ([]photos.Asset, int, error) {
@@ -57,6 +71,12 @@ func (m *mockBridge) ListAssets(albumID string) ([]photos.Asset, int, error) {
 	return m.assets, len(m.assets), nil
 }
 func (m *mockBridge) ListTree() ([]photos.CollectionNode, error) { return m.tree, m.treeErr }
+func (m *mockBridge) ReverseGeocode(lat, lon float64) (photos.Placemark, error) {
+	if m.reverseGeocodeFn != nil {
+		return m.reverseGeocodeFn(lat, lon)
+	}
+	return photos.Placemark{}, nil
+}
 func (m *mockBridge) ExportPreview(assetID, out string, targetSize, quality, index int) (photos.ExportResult, error) {
 	if m.exportPreviewFn != nil {
 		return m.exportPreviewFn(assetID, out, targetSize, quality, index)
@@ -3828,6 +3848,13 @@ func TestReportDiffVerifyRetryFailedAndConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if rc != exitOK || !strings.Contains(out, "verified") || stderr != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("verify rc=%d out=%q stderr=%q", rc, out, stderr)
 	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "file.xmp"), renderXMP(xmpSidecarData{AssetID: "x1", ExportedFilename: "file.jpg"}), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"verify", "--out", dir, "--sidecar"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitOK || !strings.Contains(out, "verified") || stderr != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("verify sidecar rc=%d out=%q stderr=%q", rc, out, stderr)
+	}
 
 	b := &mockBridge{albums: []photos.Album{{ID: "a1", Title: "Album"}}, assets: []photos.Asset{{ID: "x1", Filename: "file.jpg"}, {ID: "x2", Filename: "missing.jpg"}}}
 	out, _, rc = runWith([]string{"diff", "--album-id", "Album", "--out", dir}, b)
@@ -4126,6 +4153,8 @@ func TestMoreIntegrityBranches(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	m.AddEntry(manifest.Entry{ID: "zero", Filename: "zero.jpg", Path: "zero.jpg", Size: 1, Cloud: "local", Exported: time.Now().Unix()})
 	m.AddEntry(manifest.Entry{ID: "mismatch", Filename: "mismatch.jpg", Path: "mismatch.jpg", Size: 10, Cloud: "local", Exported: time.Now().Unix()})
+	m.AddEntry(manifest.Entry{ID: "nosidecar", Filename: "nosidecar.jpg", Path: "nosidecar.jpg", Size: 4, Cloud: "local", Exported: time.Now().Unix()})
+	m.AddEntry(manifest.Entry{ID: "zerosidecar", Filename: "zerosidecar.jpg", Path: "zerosidecar.jpg", Size: 4, Cloud: "local", Exported: time.Now().Unix()})
 	m.Close()
 	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "zero.jpg"), nil, 0644); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -4133,10 +4162,30 @@ func TestMoreIntegrityBranches(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "mismatch.jpg"), []byte("bad"), 0644); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "nosidecar.jpg"), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "zerosidecar.jpg"), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	out, _, rc := runWith([]string{"verify", "--out", dir}, &mockBridge{})
 	if rc != exitPartial || !strings.Contains(out, "zero-byte") || !strings.Contains(out, "size-mismatch") {
 		t.Fatalf("verify rc=%d out=%q", rc, out)
 	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "mismatch.xmp"), []byte("wrong asset"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out, _, rc = runWith([]string{"verify", "--out", dir, "--sidecar"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitPartial || !strings.Contains(out, "sidecar-missing") || !strings.Contains(out, "sidecar-asset-mismatch") {
+		t.Fatalf("verify sidecar failures rc=%d out=%q", rc, out)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "zerosidecar.xmp"), nil, 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out, _, rc = runWith([]string{"verify", "--out", dir, "--sidecar"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitPartial || !strings.Contains(out, "sidecar-zero-byte") {
+		t.Fatalf("verify zero sidecar rc=%d out=%q", rc, out)
+	}
 	_, stderr, rc := runWith([]string{"status"}, &mockBridge{})
 	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "--out") {
 		t.Fatalf("status missing out rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
@@ -4155,35 +4204,165 @@ func TestMoreIntegrityBranches(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestVerifySidecarBranches(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	subdir := filepath.Join(dir, "sub")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(subdir, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	xmp := filepath.Join(dir, "asset.xmp")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(xmp, []byte(`photoscli:assetID="x1"`), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	oldRead := readFileFunc
+	readFileFunc = func(string) ([]byte, error) { return nil, fmt.Errorf("read") }
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	if got := verifySidecar(&out, subdir, "x1", "../asset.jpg", false); got != 1 || !strings.Contains(out.String(), "sidecar-unreadable") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unreadable with rel fallback, got=%d out=%q", got, out.String())
+	}
+	readFileFunc = oldRead
+}
+
+func TestVerifySidecarStrict(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	media := filepath.Join(dir, "photo.jpg")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(media, []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := writeXMPSidecar(sidecarPath(media), xmpSidecarData{AssetID: "x1", ExportedFilename: "photo.jpg"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	if got := verifySidecar(&out, dir, "x1", "photo.jpg", true); got != 0 || out.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("strict valid got=%d out=%q", got, out.String())
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(sidecarPath(media), []byte(`photoscli:assetID="x1"`), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+	if got := verifySidecar(&out, dir, "x1", "photo.jpg", true); got != 1 || !strings.Contains(out.String(), "sidecar-schema-missing") {
+		t.Fatalf("strict schema got=%d out=%q", got, out.String())
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(sidecarPath(media), []byte(`<?xpacket begin=""?><x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description xmlns:photoscli="https://gitea.k3s.k0.nu/tools/photocli/ns/1.0/" photoscli:assetID="x1" photoscli:xmpSchemaVersion="2" photoscli:exportedFilename="photo.jpg" /></rdf:RDF></x:xmpmeta>`), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+	if got := verifySidecar(&out, dir, "x1", "photo.jpg", true); got != 1 || !strings.Contains(out.String(), "sidecar-generator-missing") {
+		t.Fatalf("strict generator got=%d out=%q", got, out.String())
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(sidecarPath(media), []byte(`<?xpacket begin=""?><x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description xmlns:photoscli="https://gitea.k3s.k0.nu/tools/photocli/ns/1.0/" photoscli:assetID="x1" photoscli:xmpSchemaVersion="2" photoscli:sidecarGenerator="photoscli" photoscli:exportedFilename="other.jpg" /></rdf:RDF></x:xmpmeta>`), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+	if got := verifySidecar(&out, dir, "x1", "photo.jpg", true); got != 1 || !strings.Contains(out.String(), "sidecar-filename-mismatch") {
+		t.Fatalf("strict filename got=%d out=%q", got, out.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSidecarInspect(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "photo.xmp")
+	if err := writeXMPSidecar(path, xmpSidecarData{AssetID: "x1", ExportedFilename: "photo.jpg", Album: "Trips"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out, stderr, rc := runWith([]string{"sidecar", "inspect", path}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitOK || stderr != "" || !strings.Contains(out, "assetID\tx1") || !strings.Contains(out, "album\tTrips") {
+		t.Fatalf("inspect rc=%d out=%q stderr=%q", rc, out, stderr)
+	}
+	out, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"sidecar", "inspect", path, "--json"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitOK || stderr != "" || !strings.Contains(out, `"assetID":"x1"`) || !strings.Contains(out, `"exportedFilename":"photo.jpg"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("inspect json rc=%d out=%q stderr=%q", rc, out, stderr)
+	}
+	_, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"sidecar"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "expected sidecar inspect") {
+		t.Fatalf("inspect missing subcommand rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+	_, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"sidecar", "inspect"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "requires <file.xmp>") {
+		t.Fatalf("inspect missing path rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+	_, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"sidecar", "inspect", filepath.Join(dir, "missing.xmp")}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "error:") {
+		t.Fatalf("inspect missing file rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+	plain := filepath.Join(dir, "plain.xmp")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(plain, []byte(`<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"></x:xmpmeta>`), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"sidecar", "inspect", plain}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "no photoscli metadata") {
+		t.Fatalf("inspect no metadata rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+	bad := inspectXMP([]byte(`<x:xmpmeta><rdf:RDF>`))
+	if len(bad) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty metadata on malformed XML, got %#v", bad)
+	}
+	stderrBuf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	if rc := cmdSidecar([]string{"inspect", path, "--json"}, errWriter{}, stderrBuf); rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderrBuf.String(), "error:") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected json encoder error rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderrBuf.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestXMPSidecarHelpers(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := sidecarPath("/tmp/IMG_0001.HEIC"); got != "/tmp/IMG_0001.xmp" {
 		t.Fatalf("sidecar path = %q", got)
 	}
 	xmp := string(renderXMP(xmpSidecarData{
-		AssetID:          `id&<>"`,
+		AssetID:             `id&<>"`,
-		OriginalFilename: "IMG_0001.HEIC",
+		OriginalFilename:    "IMG_0001.HEIC",
-		ExportedFilename: "IMG_0001.jpg",
+		ExportedFilename:    "IMG_0001.jpg",
-		Album:            "A&B",
+		Album:               "A&B",
-		AlbumPath:        "/tmp/A&B",
+		AlbumPath:           "/tmp/A&B",
-		ManifestPath:     "A&B/IMG_0001.jpg",
+		Keywords:            []string{"A&B", "Trips"},
-		MediaType:        "image",
+		ManifestPath:        "A&B/IMG_0001.jpg",
-		PixelWidth:       10,
+		MediaType:           "image",
-		PixelHeight:      20,
+		MediaSubtypes:       []string{"photoLive", `hdr&<>"`},
-		IsFavorite:       true,
+		SourceType:          "userLibrary",
-		Cloud:            "local",
+		PlaybackStyle:       "livePhoto",
-		ExportMode:       "preview",
+		PixelWidth:          10,
-		PhotoscliVersion: "test",
+		PixelHeight:         20,
-		ExportedAt:       "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Duration:            1.25,
-		Size:             123,
+		IsFavorite:          true,
-		CreateDate:       "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		IsHidden:            true,
+		HasAdjustments:      true,
+		Cloud:               "local",
+		ExportMode:          "preview",
+		PhotoscliVersion:    "test",
+		ExportedAt:          "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Size:                123,
+		CreateDate:          "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
+		ModifyDate:          "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z",
+		Location:            &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 59.3293, Longitude: 18.0686, Altitude: 10, HorizontalAccuracy: 5},
+		Placemark:           &photos.Placemark{Country: "Sweden", CountryCode: "SE", Locality: "Stockholm", FormattedAddress: "Stockholm, Sweden", AreasOfInterest: []string{"Gamla stan"}},
+		BurstIdentifier:     "burst1",
+		RepresentsBurst:     true,
+		BurstSelectionTypes: []string{"autoPick"},
+		AdjustmentInfo:      &photos.AdjustmentInfo{FormatIdentifier: "com.apple", FormatVersion: "1.0", BaseFilename: "base.heic"},
+		Resources:           []photos.AssetResource{{Type: "photo", Filename: `res&.heic`, UTI: "public.heic", Local: true, Size: 99}},
 	}))
-	for _, want := range []string{"photoscli:assetID=\"id&amp;&lt;&gt;&#34;\"", "photoscli:isFavorite=\"true\"", "xmp:CreateDate=\"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z\""} {
+	for _, want := range []string{"photoscli:xmpSchemaVersion=\"2\"", "photoscli:assetID=\"id&amp;&lt;&gt;&#34;\"", "photoscli:isFavorite=\"true\"", "xmp:Rating=\"5\"", "photoscli:hasAdjustments=\"true\"", "xmp:ModifyDate=\"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z\"", "photoshop:DateCreated=\"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z\"", "exif:GPSLatitude=\"59.32930000\"", "photoscli:latitude=\"59.32930000\"", "photoscli:addressCountry=\"Sweden\"", "photoscli:adjustmentFormatIdentifier=\"com.apple\"", "<dc:subject><rdf:Seq>", "<rdf:li>A&amp;B</rdf:li>", "<photoscli:resources><rdf:Seq>", "photoscli:resourceFilename=\"res&amp;.heic\"", "<photoscli:mediaSubtypes><rdf:Seq>"} {
 		if !strings.Contains(xmp, want) {
 			t.Fatalf("XMP missing %q in %s", want, xmp)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+func TestKeywordsFromAlbumPath(t *testing.T) {
+	got := keywordsFromAlbumPath("Album", "Trips/Album/2024")
+	want := []string{"Album", "Trips", "2024"}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("keywords len=%d want=%d: %#v", len(got), len(want), got)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("keywords[%d]=%q want %q in %#v", i, got[i], want[i], got)
+		}
+	}
+	if got := keywordsFromAlbumPath("", "."); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no dot keyword, got %#v", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWriteXMPSidecar(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	path := filepath.Join(dir, "photo.xmp")
@@ -4235,6 +4414,158 @@ func TestSidecarExportIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSidecarReverseGeocodeCache(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	geoCalls := 0
+	b := &mockBridge{assets: []photos.Asset{{ID: "x1", Filename: "geo.jpg", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 59.3293, Longitude: 18.0686}}}}
+	b.reverseGeocodeFn = func(lat, lon float64) (photos.Placemark, error) {
+		geoCalls++
+		return photos.Placemark{Country: "Sweden", Locality: "Stockholm", FormattedAddress: "Stockholm, Sweden"}, nil
+	}
+	b.exportPreviewFn = func(assetID, out string, targetSize, quality, index int) (photos.ExportResult, error) {
+		name := fmt.Sprintf("photo%d.jpg", geoCalls)
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, name), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+			return photos.ExportResult{}, err
+		}
+		return photos.ExportResult{Filename: name, Size: 4, Cloud: "local"}, nil
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		exported, failed := exportAssets(b.assets, dir, 1024, 85, 1, false, 1, io.Discard, b, "Album", true, manifest.FormatJSONL, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp", reverseGeocode: true})
+		if exported != 1 || failed != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("run %d exported=%d failed=%d", i, exported, failed)
+		}
+	}
+	if geoCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached geocode after first call, got %d", geoCalls)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "photo1.xmp"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), "photoscli:addressCity=\"Stockholm\"") || !strings.Contains(string(data), "photoscli:reverseGeocoder=\"MapKit\"") {
+		t.Fatalf("missing geocode fields: %s", string(data))
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".photoscli", "geocode-cache.jsonl")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("missing geocode cache: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGeocodeCacheBranches(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cache := newGeocodeCache(dir)
+	if got := cache.lookup(1, 2, &mockBridge{reverseGeocodeFn: func(float64, float64) (photos.Placemark, error) {
+		return photos.Placemark{}, fmt.Errorf("offline")
+	}}); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil on geocode error, got %+v", got)
+	}
+	if got := (*geocodeCache)(nil).lookup(1, 2, &mockBridge{}); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil cache lookup, got %+v", got)
+	}
+	oldOpen := openFileFunc
+	openFileFunc = func(string, int, os.FileMode) (*os.File, error) { return nil, fmt.Errorf("open") }
+	got := cache.lookup(3, 4, &mockBridge{reverseGeocodeFn: func(float64, float64) (photos.Placemark, error) {
+		return photos.Placemark{Country: "Nowhere"}, nil
+	}})
+	openFileFunc = oldOpen
+	if got == nil || got.Country != "Nowhere" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected placemark despite cache write error, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSidecarReverseGeocodeWithoutCache(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	pa := pendingAsset{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x1", Filename: "geo.jpg", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 1, Longitude: 2}}, root: dir, path: dir}
+	if err := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa, photos.ExportResult{Filename: "geo.jpg", Size: 1}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp", reverseGeocode: true}, nil, &mockBridge{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "geo.xmp"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content := string(data)
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "photoscli:latitude=\"1.00000000\"") || strings.Contains(content, "photoscli:reverseGeocoder") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected reverse geocode content: %s", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSidecarModificationDate(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	modified := "2024-03-04T05:06:07Z"
+	pa := pendingAsset{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x1", Filename: "mod.jpg", ModificationDate: &modified}, path: dir}
+	if err := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa, photos.ExportResult{Filename: "mod.jpg", Size: 1}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}, nil, &mockBridge{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "mod.xmp"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), "xmp:ModifyDate=\"2024-03-04T05:06:07Z\"") {
+		t.Fatalf("missing modify date: %s", string(data))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExportPendingReverseGeocodeNoPending(t *testing.T) {
+	bar := newProgressBar(io.Discard, 1)
+	done, failed := exportPending(nil, 1024, 85, false, 0, bar, &mockBridge{}, nil, 1, manifest.NoopLogWriter, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp", reverseGeocode: true})
+	if done != 0 || failed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("done=%d failed=%d", done, failed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExportPendingGeocodeCacheRootFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	a := photos.Asset{ID: "g1", Filename: "geo.jpg", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 1, Longitude: 2}}
+	b := &mockBridge{assets: []photos.Asset{a}, reverseGeocodeFn: func(float64, float64) (photos.Placemark, error) {
+		return photos.Placemark{Country: "Sweden"}, nil
+	}}
+	b.exportPreviewFn = func(assetID, out string, targetSize, quality, index int) (photos.ExportResult, error) {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, "geo.jpg"), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+			return photos.ExportResult{}, err
+		}
+		return photos.ExportResult{Filename: "geo.jpg", Size: 4}, nil
+	}
+	bar := newProgressBar(io.Discard, 1)
+	done, failed := exportPending([]pendingAsset{{asset: a, path: dir}}, 1024, 85, false, 1, bar, b, nil, 1, manifest.NoopLogWriter, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp", reverseGeocode: true})
+	if done != 1 || failed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("done=%d failed=%d", done, failed)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".photoscli", "geocode-cache.jsonl")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected fallback-root cache: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExportPendingCreatesGeocodeCacheForParallel(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	assets := []photos.Asset{
+		{ID: "g1", Filename: "one.jpg", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 1, Longitude: 2}},
+		{ID: "g2", Filename: "two.jpg", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 3, Longitude: 4}},
+		{ID: "g3", Filename: "three.jpg", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 5, Longitude: 6}},
+		{ID: "g4", Filename: "four.jpg", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 7, Longitude: 8}},
+	}
+	pending := make([]pendingAsset, len(assets))
+	for i, a := range assets {
+		pending[i] = pendingAsset{asset: a, root: dir, path: dir, album: "Geo"}
+	}
+	b := &mockBridge{assets: assets, reverseGeocodeFn: func(float64, float64) (photos.Placemark, error) {
+		return photos.Placemark{Country: "Sweden"}, nil
+	}}
+	b.exportPreviewFn = func(assetID, out string, targetSize, quality, index int) (photos.ExportResult, error) {
+		name := assetID + ".jpg"
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, name), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+			return photos.ExportResult{}, err
+		}
+		return photos.ExportResult{Filename: name, Size: 4}, nil
+	}
+	bar := newProgressBar(io.Discard, 4)
+	done, failed := exportPending(pending, 1024, 85, false, len(pending), bar, b, nil, 4, manifest.NoopLogWriter, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp", reverseGeocode: true})
+	if done != len(pending) || failed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("done=%d failed=%d", done, failed)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".photoscli", "geocode-cache.jsonl")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected geocode cache: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSidecarConfigAndErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	oldConfigValues, oldConfigLoaded := configValues, configLoaded
 	defer func() { configValues, configLoaded = oldConfigValues, oldConfigLoaded }()
@@ -4267,6 +4598,117 @@ func TestSidecarConfigAndErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMetadataOnlyExport(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	m := manifest.LoadJSONL(dir)
+	if err := m.OpenAppend(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	m.AddEntry(manifest.Entry{ID: "x1", Filename: "photo.jpg", Path: "photo.jpg", Size: 4, Cloud: "local", Exported: time.Now().Unix()})
+	m.Close()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "photo.jpg"), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	b := &mockBridge{assets: []photos.Asset{{ID: "x1", Filename: "orig.heic", MediaType: "image", IsFavorite: true}}}
+	b.exportPreviewFn = func(string, string, int, int, int) (photos.ExportResult, error) {
+		t.Fatal("metadata-only must not export media")
+		return photos.ExportResult{}, nil
+	}
+	out, stderr, rc := runWith([]string{"export", "--album-id", "x", "--out", dir, "--sidecar", "xmp", "--metadata-only"}, b)
+	if rc != exitOK || out != "" || !strings.Contains(stderr, "wrote 1 metadata sidecars") {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata-only rc=%d out=%q stderr=%q", rc, out, stderr)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "photo.xmp"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), "photoscli:assetID=\"x1\"") || !strings.Contains(string(data), "xmp:Rating=\"5\"") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected metadata sidecar: %s", string(data))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetadataOnlyExportErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	b := &mockBridge{assets: []photos.Asset{{ID: "x1", Filename: "photo.jpg"}}}
+	_, stderr, rc := runWith([]string{"export", "--album-id", "x", "--out", dir, "--metadata-only"}, b)
+	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "--metadata-only requires --sidecar xmp") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sidecar requirement rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+	_, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"export", "--album-id", "x", "--out", dir, "--sidecar", "xmp", "--metadata-only", "--no-manifest"}, b)
+	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "requires a manifest") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected manifest requirement rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+	_, stderr, rc = runWith([]string{"backup-all", "--out", dir, "--sidecar", "xmp", "--metadata-only", "--no-manifest"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if rc != exitErr || !strings.Contains(stderr, "requires a manifest") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected backup manifest requirement rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetadataOnlyHelperBranches(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	pa := pendingAsset{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x1", Filename: "photo.jpg"}, path: dir}
+	if err := writeMetadataOnlySidecar(pa, manifest.Entry{ID: "x1"}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}, nil, &mockBridge{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no path") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no path error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeMetadataOnlySidecar(pa, manifest.Entry{ID: "x1", Path: "missing.jpg"}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}, nil, &mockBridge{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "zero.jpg"), nil, 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := writeMetadataOnlySidecar(pa, manifest.Entry{ID: "x1", Path: "zero.jpg"}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}, nil, &mockBridge{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "zero-byte") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected zero-byte error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if entries := manifestEntries(noEntryManifest{}); entries != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil entries, got %#v", entries)
+	}
+	written, failed := metadataOnlyPending([]pendingAsset{{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x1"}, path: dir}}, map[string]manifest.Entry{"x1": {ID: "x1", Path: "missing.jpg"}}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}, &mockBridge{})
+	if written != 0 || failed != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected failed metadata pending, written=%d failed=%d", written, failed)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "photo.jpg"), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	written, failed = metadataOnlyPending([]pendingAsset{{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x2", Location: &photos.AssetLocation{Latitude: 1, Longitude: 2}}, path: dir}}, map[string]manifest.Entry{"x2": {ID: "x2", Path: "photo.jpg"}}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp", reverseGeocode: true}, &mockBridge{reverseGeocodeFn: func(float64, float64) (photos.Placemark, error) {
+		return photos.Placemark{Country: "Sweden"}, nil
+	}})
+	if written != 1 || failed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected reverse geocode metadata success, written=%d failed=%d", written, failed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetadataOnlyBackupAll(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	m := manifest.LoadJSONL(dir)
+	if err := m.OpenAppend(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	m.AddEntry(manifest.Entry{ID: "x1", Filename: "photo.jpg", Path: "Album/photo.jpg", Size: 4, Cloud: "local", Exported: time.Now().Unix()})
+	m.Close()
+	albumDir := filepath.Join(dir, "Album")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(albumDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(albumDir, "photo.jpg"), []byte("data"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	b := &mockBridge{
+		tree:          []photos.CollectionNode{{ID: "a1", Name: "Album", Kind: "album"}},
+		assetsByAlbum: map[string][]photos.Asset{"a1": {{ID: "x1", Filename: "orig.heic", MediaType: "image"}, {ID: "x2", Filename: "missing.heic", MediaType: "image"}}},
+	}
+	b.exportPreviewFn = func(string, string, int, int, int) (photos.ExportResult, error) {
+		t.Fatal("metadata-only backup-all must not export media")
+		return photos.ExportResult{}, nil
+	}
+	_, stderr, rc := runWith([]string{"backup-all", "--out", dir, "--sidecar", "xmp", "--metadata-only"}, b)
+	if rc != exitOK || !strings.Contains(stderr, "wrote 1 metadata sidecars") {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata-only backup rc=%d stderr=%q", rc, stderr)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(albumDir, "photo.xmp")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected metadata-only sidecar: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSidecarAdditionalBranches(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	oldCreateTemp := createTempFunc
@@ -4283,7 +4725,7 @@ func TestSidecarAdditionalBranches(t *testing.T) {
 	writeFileFunc = oldWriteFile
 
 	pa := pendingAsset{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x1", Filename: "orig.HEIC"}, path: dir, album: "Album"}
-	if err := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa, photos.ExportResult{Filename: "out.jpg", Size: 1, Cloud: "local"}, true, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}); err != nil {
+	if err := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pa, photos.ExportResult{Filename: "out.jpg", Size: 1, Cloud: "local"}, true, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}, nil, &mockBridge{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "out.xmp"))
@@ -4295,7 +4737,7 @@ func TestSidecarAdditionalBranches(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected sidecar: %s", content)
 	}
 	otherRoot := filepath.Join(dir, "other")
-	if err := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pendingAsset{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x2"}, root: otherRoot, path: dir}, photos.ExportResult{Filename: "fallback.jpg"}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}); err != nil {
+	if err := writeSidecarIfNeeded(pendingAsset{asset: photos.Asset{ID: "x2"}, root: otherRoot, path: dir}, photos.ExportResult{Filename: "fallback.jpg"}, false, exportOptions{sidecar: "xmp"}, nil, &mockBridge{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	data, err = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "fallback.xmp"))

internal/photos/bridge.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ type Bridge interface {
 	RequestAccess() error
 	ListAlbums() ([]Album, error)
 	ListAssets(albumID string) ([]Asset, int, error)
+	ReverseGeocode(latitude, longitude float64) (Placemark, error)
 	ListTree() ([]CollectionNode, error)
 	ExportPreview(assetID, outputDir string, targetSize, quality, index int) (ExportResult, error)
 	ExportOriginal(assetID, outputDir string, index int) (ExportResult, error)
@@ -39,6 +40,17 @@ func ParseAssetsJSON(jsonStr string) ([]Asset, int, error) {
 	return resp.Assets, resp.Total, nil
 }
 
+func ParsePlacemarkJSON(jsonStr string) (Placemark, error) {
+	var resp PlacemarkResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &resp); err != nil {
+		return Placemark{}, err
+	}
+	if resp.Error != "" {
+		return Placemark{}, fmt.Errorf("%s", resp.Error)
+	}
+	return resp.Placemark, nil
+}
+
 func ParseTreeJSON(jsonStr string) ([]CollectionNode, error) {
 	var errResp ErrorResponse
 	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &errResp); err == nil && errResp.Error != "" {

internal/photos/cgo_bridge.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ package photos
 
 /*
 #cgo CFLAGS: -I${SRCDIR}/../../bridge
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -L${SRCDIR}/../../bridge -lphotokit_bridge -framework Photos -framework Foundation -framework AppKit -framework UniformTypeIdentifiers
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -L${SRCDIR}/../../bridge -lphotokit_bridge -framework Photos -framework Foundation -framework AppKit -framework UniformTypeIdentifiers -framework CoreLocation -framework MapKit
 #include "photokit_bridge.h"
 #include <stdlib.h>
 */
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ func (*CgoBridge) ListAssets(albumID string) ([]Asset, int, error) {
 	return ParseAssetsJSON(C.GoString(cs))
 }
 
+func (*CgoBridge) ReverseGeocode(latitude, longitude float64) (Placemark, error) {
+	cs := C.photos_reverse_geocode_json(C.double(latitude), C.double(longitude))
+	if cs == nil {
+		return Placemark{}, errBridgeNil
+	}
+	defer C.photos_free_string(cs)
+	return ParsePlacemarkJSON(C.GoString(cs))
+}
+
 func (*CgoBridge) ListTree() ([]CollectionNode, error) {
 	cs := C.photos_list_tree_json()
 	if cs == nil {

internal/photos/cgo_bridge_test_impl.go

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ void photos_test_set_access(int rc);
 void photos_test_set_albums(const char *json);
 void photos_test_set_assets(const char *json);
 void photos_test_set_tree(const char *json);
+void photos_test_set_geocode(const char *json);
+void photos_test_set_geocode_null(void);
 void photos_test_set_albums_null(void);
 void photos_test_set_assets_null(void);
 void photos_test_set_tree_null(void);
@@ -35,6 +37,8 @@ func SetTestAccessRC(rc int)                { C.photos_test_set_access(C.int(rc)
 func SetTestAlbumsJSON(json string)         { C.photos_test_set_albums(C.CString(json)) }
 func SetTestAssetsJSON(json string)         { C.photos_test_set_assets(C.CString(json)) }
 func SetTestTreeJSON(json string)           { C.photos_test_set_tree(C.CString(json)) }
+func SetTestGeocodeJSON(json string)        { C.photos_test_set_geocode(C.CString(json)) }
+func SetTestGeocodeNull()                   { C.photos_test_set_geocode_null() }
 func SetTestAlbumsNull()                    { C.photos_test_set_albums_null() }
 func SetTestAssetsNull()                    { C.photos_test_set_assets_null() }
 func SetTestTreeNull()                      { C.photos_test_set_tree_null() }
@@ -73,6 +77,15 @@ func (*CgoBridge) ListAssets(albumID string) ([]Asset, int, error) {
 	return ParseAssetsJSON(C.GoString(cs))
 }
 
+func (*CgoBridge) ReverseGeocode(latitude, longitude float64) (Placemark, error) {
+	cs := C.photos_reverse_geocode_json(C.double(latitude), C.double(longitude))
+	if cs == nil {
+		return Placemark{}, errBridgeNil
+	}
+	defer C.photos_free_string(cs)
+	return ParsePlacemarkJSON(C.GoString(cs))
+}
+
 func (*CgoBridge) ListTree() ([]CollectionNode, error) {
 	cs := C.photos_list_tree_json()
 	if cs == nil {

internal/photos/photos_test.go

@@ -168,6 +168,63 @@ func TestParseAssetsJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseAssetsJSONExtendedMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	created := "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
+	modified := "2024-01-02T00:00:00Z"
+	assets, total, err := ParseAssetsJSON(`{"assets":[{"id":"x1","filename":"IMG.HEIC","mediaType":"image","mediaSubtypes":["photoLive","photoHDR"],"sourceType":"userLibrary","playbackStyle":"livePhoto","pixelWidth":1,"pixelHeight":2,"creationDate":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","modificationDate":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","duration":3.5,"isFavorite":true,"isHidden":true,"hasAdjustments":true,"location":{"latitude":59.1,"longitude":18.2,"altitude":10,"horizontalAccuracy":5},"burstIdentifier":"burst","representsBurst":true,"burstSelectionTypes":["autoPick"],"adjustmentInfo":{"formatIdentifier":"fmt","formatVersion":"1","baseFilename":"base.heic"},"resources":[{"type":"adjustmentData","filename":"adj.plist","uti":"public.plist","local":true,"size":42}]}],"total":1}`)
+	if err != nil || total != 1 || len(assets) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseAssetsJSON err=%v total=%d len=%d", err, total, len(assets))
+	}
+	a := assets[0]
+	if a.CreationDate == nil || *a.CreationDate != created || a.ModificationDate == nil || *a.ModificationDate != modified {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected dates: %+v", a)
+	}
+	if a.Location == nil || a.Location.Latitude != 59.1 || a.Location.Longitude != 18.2 || !a.IsHidden || !a.HasAdjustments || !a.RepresentsBurst {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected extended metadata: %+v", a)
+	}
+	if len(a.MediaSubtypes) != 2 || a.SourceType != "userLibrary" || a.PlaybackStyle != "livePhoto" || len(a.BurstSelectionTypes) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected type metadata: %+v", a)
+	}
+	if a.AdjustmentInfo == nil || a.AdjustmentInfo.FormatIdentifier != "fmt" || a.Resources[0].Size != 42 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected adjustment/resource metadata: %+v", a)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParsePlacemarkJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	p, err := ParsePlacemarkJSON(`{"placemark":{"country":"Sweden","countryCode":"SE","locality":"Stockholm","formattedAddress":"Stockholm, Sweden","areasOfInterest":["Gamla stan"]}}`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if p.Country != "Sweden" || p.CountryCode != "SE" || p.Locality != "Stockholm" || len(p.AreasOfInterest) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected placemark: %+v", p)
+	}
+	if _, err := ParsePlacemarkJSON(`{"error":"geocode failed"}`); err == nil || err.Error() != "geocode failed" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected geocode error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := ParsePlacemarkJSON(`bad`); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid JSON error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCgoBridgeReverseGeocode(t *testing.T) {
+	SetTestGeocodeJSON(`{"placemark":{"country":"Sweden","locality":"Stockholm"}}`)
+	p, err := (&CgoBridge{}).ReverseGeocode(59.3293, 18.0686)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if p.Country != "Sweden" || p.Locality != "Stockholm" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected placemark: %+v", p)
+	}
+	SetTestGeocodeJSON(`{"error":"no network"}`)
+	if _, err := (&CgoBridge{}).ReverseGeocode(0, 0); err == nil || err.Error() != "no network" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected geocode error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	SetTestGeocodeNull()
+	if _, err := (&CgoBridge{}).ReverseGeocode(0, 0); err != errBridgeNil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil bridge error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestParseTreeJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string

internal/photos/types.go

@@ -6,17 +6,40 @@ type Album struct {
 }
 
 type Asset struct {
-	ID             string          `json:"id"`
+	ID                  string          `json:"id"`
-	Filename       string          `json:"filename"`
+	Filename            string          `json:"filename"`
-	Cloud          string          `json:"cloud"`
+	Cloud               string          `json:"cloud"`
-	MediaType      string          `json:"mediaType"`
+	MediaType           string          `json:"mediaType"`
-	PixelWidth     int             `json:"pixelWidth"`
+	MediaSubtypes       []string        `json:"mediaSubtypes,omitempty"`
-	PixelHeight    int             `json:"pixelHeight"`
+	SourceType          string          `json:"sourceType,omitempty"`
-	CreationDate   *string         `json:"creationDate,omitempty"`
+	PlaybackStyle       string          `json:"playbackStyle,omitempty"`
-	Duration       float64         `json:"duration,omitempty"`
+	PixelWidth          int             `json:"pixelWidth"`
-	IsFavorite     bool            `json:"isFavorite,omitempty"`
+	PixelHeight         int             `json:"pixelHeight"`
-	HasAdjustments bool            `json:"hasAdjustments,omitempty"`
+	CreationDate        *string         `json:"creationDate,omitempty"`
-	Resources      []AssetResource `json:"resources,omitempty"`
+	ModificationDate    *string         `json:"modificationDate,omitempty"`
+	Duration            float64         `json:"duration,omitempty"`
+	IsFavorite          bool            `json:"isFavorite,omitempty"`
+	IsHidden            bool            `json:"isHidden,omitempty"`
+	HasAdjustments      bool            `json:"hasAdjustments,omitempty"`
+	Location            *AssetLocation  `json:"location,omitempty"`
+	BurstIdentifier     string          `json:"burstIdentifier,omitempty"`
+	RepresentsBurst     bool            `json:"representsBurst,omitempty"`
+	BurstSelectionTypes []string        `json:"burstSelectionTypes,omitempty"`
+	AdjustmentInfo      *AdjustmentInfo `json:"adjustmentInfo,omitempty"`
+	Resources           []AssetResource `json:"resources,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type AssetLocation struct {
+	Latitude           float64 `json:"latitude"`
+	Longitude          float64 `json:"longitude"`
+	Altitude           float64 `json:"altitude,omitempty"`
+	HorizontalAccuracy float64 `json:"horizontalAccuracy,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type AdjustmentInfo struct {
+	FormatIdentifier string `json:"formatIdentifier,omitempty"`
+	FormatVersion    string `json:"formatVersion,omitempty"`
+	BaseFilename     string `json:"baseFilename,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type AssetResource struct {
@@ -24,6 +47,29 @@ type AssetResource struct {
 	Filename string `json:"filename"`
 	UTI      string `json:"uti"`
 	Local    bool   `json:"local"`
+	Size     int64  `json:"size,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type Placemark struct {
+	Name                  string   `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Country               string   `json:"country,omitempty"`
+	CountryCode           string   `json:"countryCode,omitempty"`
+	AdministrativeArea    string   `json:"administrativeArea,omitempty"`
+	SubAdministrativeArea string   `json:"subAdministrativeArea,omitempty"`
+	Locality              string   `json:"locality,omitempty"`
+	SubLocality           string   `json:"subLocality,omitempty"`
+	Thoroughfare          string   `json:"thoroughfare,omitempty"`
+	SubThoroughfare       string   `json:"subThoroughfare,omitempty"`
+	PostalCode            string   `json:"postalCode,omitempty"`
+	FormattedAddress      string   `json:"formattedAddress,omitempty"`
+	InlandWater           string   `json:"inlandWater,omitempty"`
+	Ocean                 string   `json:"ocean,omitempty"`
+	AreasOfInterest       []string `json:"areasOfInterest,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type PlacemarkResponse struct {
+	Placemark Placemark `json:"placemark"`
+	Error     string    `json:"error,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type ExportResult struct {