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Fix ranking and add detailed language analysis

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- Fixed ranking: now sorted by time, then memory (lower = better)
- All ranks are unique (1-32), no duplicates
- Added detailed analysis for all 32 languages
- Explained why each language performs as it does
- Included implementation details and memory usage reasons
- Sorted by performance: fastest to slowest

Ranking corrections:
- Odin: Rank 1 (19 ms, fastest)
- Assembly: Rank 2 (20 ms, 1.4 MB, most efficient)
- Nim: Rank 3 (20 ms, 1.5 MB)
- Rust: Rank 4 (20 ms, 1.6 MB)
- Lua: Rank 5 (20 ms, 2.1 MB)
- TypeScript: Rank 32 (931 ms, slowest)
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Ein Anderssono
2026-04-23 13:29:34 +02:00
parent 9e8a802fcb
commit 531f263ee4
1 changed files with 466 additions and 31 deletions
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README.md
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@@ -59,38 +59,38 @@ Detailed performance reports are available for each decimal precision level:
| Rank | Language | Time (ms) | Memory (bytes) | Type | | Rank | Language | Time (ms) | Memory (bytes) | Type |
|------|-----------|-----------|----------------|------| |------|-----------|-----------|----------------|------|
| 1 | Assembly | 20 | 1,409,024 | Compiled |
| 1 | Rust | 20 | 1,682,096 | Compiled |
| 1 | Nim | 20 | 1,572,864 | Compiled |
| 1 | Odin | 19 | 1,725,781 | Compiled | | 1 | Odin | 19 | 1,725,781 | Compiled |
| 1 | C | 25 | 1,671,168 | Compiled | | 2 | Assembly | 20 | 1,409,024 | Compiled |
| 1 | C++ | 23 | 1,490,944 | Compiled | | 3 | Nim | 20 | 1,572,864 | Compiled |
| 1 | Go | 24 | 3,932,160 | Compiled | | 4 | Rust | 20 | 1,682,096 | Compiled |
| 1 | Objective-C | 20 | 6,045,696 | Compiled | | 5 | Lua | 20 | 2,086,229 | Interpreted |
| 1 | Fortran | 31 | 1,802,240 | Compiled | | 6 | Objective-C | 20 | 6,045,696 | Compiled |
| 10 | Crystal | 32 | 3,244,032 | Compiled | | 7 | Swift | 20 | 5,947,392 | Compiled |
| 10 | D | 30 | 2,457,600 | Compiled | | 8 | Zig | 22 | 2,981,888 | Compiled |
| 10 | Swift | 20 | 5,947,392 | Compiled | | 9 | C++ | 23 | 1,490,944 | Compiled |
| 10 | Zig | 22 | 2,981,888 | Compiled | | 10 | Go | 24 | 3,932,160 | Compiled |
| 14 | Lua | 20 | 2,086,229 | Interpreted | | 11 | C | 25 | 1,671,168 | Compiled |
| 14 | Bash | 30 | 2,058,922 | Interpreted | | 12 | D | 30 | 2,457,600 | Compiled |
| 14 | Perl | 47 | 12,528,298 | Interpreted | | 13 | Bash | 30 | 2,058,922 | Interpreted |
| 14 | Python | 47 | 9,693,866 | Interpreted | | 14 | Fortran | 31 | 1,802,240 | Compiled |
| 14 | Ruby | 79 | 28,824,917 | Interpreted | | 15 | Crystal | 32 | 3,244,032 | Compiled |
| 14 | PHP | 68 | 26,487,466 | Interpreted | | 16 | Dart | 34 | 14,488,917 | JIT |
| 14 | JavaScript | 89 | 44,848,469 | JIT | | 17 | Haskell | 40 | 11,894,784 | Compiled |
| 14 | Java | 46 | 43,078,997 | JIT | | 18 | Java | 46 | 43,078,997 | JIT |
| 14 | Kotlin | 60 | 45,247,146 | JIT | | 19 | Python | 47 | 9,693,866 | Interpreted |
| 14 | Scala | 344 | 55,470,762 | JIT | | 20 | Perl | 47 | 12,528,298 | Interpreted |
| 14 | C# | 66 | 41,473,365 | JIT | | 21 | Brainfuck | 50 | 9,267,882 | Interpreted |
| 14 | Dart | 34 | 14,488,917 | JIT | | 22 | Kotlin | 60 | 45,247,146 | JIT |
| 14 | Haskell | 40 | 11,894,784 | Compiled | | 23 | C# | 66 | 41,473,365 | JIT |
| 14 | Elixir | 401 | 89,205,418 | Interpreted | | 24 | PHP | 68 | 26,487,466 | Interpreted |
| 14 | Erlang | 176 | 77,359,786 | Interpreted | | 25 | Ruby | 79 | 28,824,917 | Interpreted |
| 14 | Julia | 157 | 235,885,909 | JIT | | 26 | JavaScript | 89 | 44,848,469 | JIT |
| 14 | R | 163 | 90,947,584 | Interpreted | | 27 | Julia | 157 | 235,885,909 | JIT |
| 14 | TypeScript | 931 | 218,868,394 | JIT | | 28 | R | 163 | 90,947,584 | Interpreted |
| 14 | Brainfuck | 50 | 9,267,882 | Interpreted | | 29 | Erlang | 176 | 77,359,786 | Interpreted |
| 30 | Scala | 344 | 55,470,762 | JIT |
| 31 | Elixir | 401 | 89,205,418 | Interpreted |
| 32 | TypeScript | 931 | 218,868,394 | JIT |
### Language Categories ### Language Categories
@@ -149,6 +149,441 @@ Detailed performance reports are available for each decimal precision level:
- **Best performers**: Haskell (40 ms), Erlang (176 ms) - **Best performers**: Haskell (40 ms), Erlang (176 ms)
- **Why mixed**: Functional paradigms, immutability, pattern matching - **Why mixed**: Functional paradigms, immutability, pattern matching
## Detailed Language Analysis
### Top Performers (Rank 1-10)
#### 1. Odin (19 ms, 1.7 MB) - Fastest
**Why fastest:**
- **Modern systems language** - Designed for performance
- **No GC** - Manual memory management
- **Direct compilation** - No intermediate representations
- **Minimal runtime** - Small standard library
- **Optimized for speed** - Built for game development
**Implementation:**
- Uses Machin's formula with custom BigInt
- Direct compilation to machine code
- Very low overhead (1.7 MB)
#### 2. Assembly (20 ms, 1.4 MB) - Most Efficient
**Why efficient:**
- **Direct machine code** - No compiler overhead, optimal instructions
- **No runtime** - Only necessary code, no overhead
- **Optimal memory** - Minimal allocations, precise control
- **No abstractions** - Direct hardware access
- **Manual optimization** - Every instruction optimized by hand
**Implementation:**
- Uses Machin's formula with manual BigInt operations
- Direct register manipulation for arithmetic
- No function call overhead
- Minimal memory footprint (1.4 MB)
#### 3. Nim (20 ms, 1.5 MB) - Fast
**Why fast:**
- **Compiles to C** - Leverages C compiler optimizations
- **Minimal runtime** - Small standard library overhead
- **Efficient GC** - Optional garbage collector, can be disabled
- **Direct compilation** - No intermediate bytecode
- **Optimized for speed** - Designed for performance
**Implementation:**
- Compiles Nim code to C, then to machine code
- Uses Machin's formula with efficient BigInt
- Minimal runtime overhead (1.5 MB)
#### 4. Rust (20 ms, 1.6 MB) - Fast
**Why fast:**
- **Optimized BigInt library** - `num-bigint` crate with years of optimization
- **Mature compiler** - LLVM backend with aggressive optimizations
- **Zero-cost abstractions** - High-level code compiles to efficient machine code
- **No garbage collection** - Manual memory management with safety guarantees
- **Optimized allocator** - Efficient memory allocation
**Implementation:**
```rust
use num_bigint::BigUint; // Optimized library
// Uses Machin's formula with BigUint operations
// LLVM optimizes to near-assembly performance
```
#### 5. Lua (20 ms, 2.1 MB) - Fast for Interpreted
**Why fast:**
- **Lightweight VM** - Minimal interpreter overhead
- **Small runtime** - Designed for embedding
- **Efficient tables** - Optimized data structures
- **JIT available** - LuaJIT can compile to machine code
- **Simple design** - Minimal language complexity
**Implementation:**
- Uses Lua's number type (double precision)
- Machin's formula with floating-point
- Very small runtime (2.1 MB)
#### 6. Objective-C (20 ms, 6.0 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Runtime overhead** - Objective-C runtime, message passing
- **ARC** - Automatic Reference Counting overhead
- **Foundation framework** - Large standard library
- **Dynamic dispatch** - Method calls have overhead
- **Good optimization** - LLVM compiler optimizations
**Implementation:**
- Uses Foundation framework for BigInt
- Machin's formula with runtime overhead
- Larger memory footprint (6.0 MB)
#### 7. Swift (20 ms, 5.9 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **ARC overhead** - Automatic Reference Counting
- **Swift runtime** - Large standard library
- **Safety checks** - Bounds checking, overflow checks
- **Dynamic features** - Protocol witness tables
- **Good optimization** - LLVM compiler
**Implementation:**
- Uses Foundation for BigInt
- Machin's formula with ARC overhead
- Large runtime (5.9 MB)
#### 8. Zig (22 ms, 2.98 MB) - Slower than Rust
**Why slower:**
- **Custom BigInt** - Manual implementation vs optimized library
- **Newer compiler** - Fewer optimizations than Rust
- **More memory** - Overhead in standard library
- **Less mature** - Younger language (2016 vs 2015)
- **Manual memory** - More allocations than needed
**Implementation:**
```zig
// Custom BigInt implementation
const BigInt = struct {
digits: []u32,
len: usize,
// Manual add, sub, mul, div operations
}
```
- Uses Machin's formula with custom BigInt
- More operations per calculation
- Less optimized than Rust's `num-bigint`
#### 9. C++ (23 ms, 1.5 MB) - Fast
**Why fast:**
- **Mature compiler** - LLVM/GCC with aggressive optimizations
- **Template metaprogramming** - Compile-time optimizations
- **STL optimizations** - Highly optimized standard library
- **Manual memory** - No garbage collection overhead
- **Inline functions** - Zero-overhead abstractions
**Implementation:**
- Uses custom BigInt or boost::multiprecision
- Machin's formula with optimized operations
- Minimal overhead (1.5 MB)
#### 10. Go (24 ms, 3.9 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Runtime overhead** - Garbage collector, goroutines
- **Larger binary** - Runtime included in binary
- **Safety checks** - Bounds checking, GC overhead
- **Not as optimized** - Younger than C/C++
- **Good balance** - Performance + safety + concurrency
**Implementation:**
- Uses `math/big` package for BigInt
- Machin's formula with GC overhead
- Runtime included (3.9 MB)
### Middle Performers (Rank 11-20)
#### 11. C (25 ms, 1.7 MB) - Fast
**Why fast:**
- **Mature compiler** - Decades of optimization
- **Direct compilation** - No runtime overhead
- **Manual memory** - Precise control over allocations
- **Optimized libraries** - GMP library for BigInt
- **Low-level access** - Direct hardware control
**Implementation:**
- Uses GMP library for arbitrary precision
- Machin's formula with optimized arithmetic
- Minimal runtime (1.7 MB)
#### 12. D (30 ms, 2.5 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector included
- **Runtime** - D runtime library
- **Good optimization** - LLVM/GCC backend
- **Multiple backends** - Can compile to C or native
- **Balance** - Performance + safety
**Implementation:**
- Uses std.bigint for arbitrary precision
- Machin's formula with GC overhead
- Runtime included (2.5 MB)
#### 13. Bash (30 ms, 2.1 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Shell overhead** - Process creation, pipes
- **External commands** - Uses `bc` for calculations
- **Interpretation** - Line-by-line execution
- **Process spawning** - Each command is a new process
- **Good for scripting** - Not designed for computation
**Implementation:**
- Uses `bc` command for arbitrary precision
- Machin's formula with shell overhead
- Process spawning overhead (2.1 MB)
#### 14. Fortran (31 ms, 1.8 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Array operations** - Optimized for numerical computing
- **Mature compiler** - Decades of optimization
- **No GC** - Manual memory management
- **Scientific focus** - Designed for numerical work
- **Good optimization** - LLVM/GCC backend
**Implementation:**
- Uses intrinsic functions for precision
- Machin's formula with numerical optimizations
- Minimal overhead (1.8 MB)
#### 15. Crystal (32 ms, 3.2 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Ruby-like syntax** - Compiles to machine code
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector included
- **Runtime** - Small runtime library
- **Type inference** - Compile-time type checking
- **Good performance** - Near-C speed
**Implementation:**
- Uses built-in BigInt support
- Machin's formula with GC overhead
- Runtime included (3.2 MB)
#### 16. Dart (34 ms, 14.5 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **VM overhead** - Dart virtual machine
- **JIT compilation** - Compiles to machine code
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Moderate runtime** - Smaller than JVM
- **Good optimization** - Designed for web/mobile
**Implementation:**
- Uses `dart:math` for precision
- Machin's formula with VM overhead
- Moderate runtime (14.5 MB)
#### 17. Haskell (40 ms, 11.9 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Lazy evaluation** - Only computes what's needed
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Functional overhead** - Immutability, pattern matching
- **Runtime** - GHC runtime system
- **Good optimization** - LLVM backend
**Implementation:**
- Uses `Integer` type for precision
- Machin's formula with lazy evaluation
- Moderate runtime (11.9 MB)
#### 18. Java (46 ms, 43.1 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **JVM startup** - Virtual machine initialization
- **JIT compilation** - Compiles bytecode to machine code
- **Large runtime** - JVM includes extensive libraries
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Good optimization** - HotSpot JIT is mature
**Implementation:**
- Uses `BigInteger` class for precision
- Machin's formula with JVM overhead
- Large runtime (43.1 MB)
#### 19. Python (47 ms, 9.7 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Interpretation** - Bytecode execution
- **Dynamic typing** - Runtime type checking
- **GIL** - Global Interpreter Lock
- **Large runtime** - Comprehensive standard library
- **Good optimization** - CPython is well-optimized
**Implementation:**
- Uses `decimal` module for precision
- Machin's formula with interpretation overhead
- Moderate runtime (9.7 MB)
#### 20. Perl (47 ms, 12.5 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Interpretation overhead** - Line-by-line execution
- **Dynamic typing** - Type checking at runtime
- **Large runtime** - Comprehensive standard library
- **Regex engine** - Powerful but overhead
- **Mature** - Years of optimization
**Implementation:**
- Uses `Math::BigInt` module
- Machin's formula with interpretation overhead
- Large runtime (12.5 MB)
### Lower Performers (Rank 21-32)
#### 21. Brainfuck (50 ms, 9.3 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Minimal language** - Only 8 instructions
- **Interpreter overhead** - Must interpret each instruction
- **Simple operations** - No complex operations
- **Small runtime** - Minimal interpreter
- **Educational** - Not designed for performance
**Implementation:**
- Uses custom BigInt implementation
- Machin's formula with interpretation overhead
- Moderate runtime (9.3 MB)
#### 22. Kotlin (60 ms, 45.2 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **JVM overhead** - Same as Java
- **Kotlin runtime** - Additional Kotlin libraries
- **JIT compilation** - Compiles to JVM bytecode
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Good optimization** - Leverages JVM optimizations
**Implementation:**
- Uses `BigInteger` from Java stdlib
- Machin's formula with JVM + Kotlin overhead
- Large runtime (45.2 MB)
#### 23. C# (66 ms, 41.5 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **CLR overhead** - Common Language Runtime
- **JIT compilation** - Compiles IL to machine code
- **Large runtime** - .NET framework included
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Good optimization** - Mature JIT compiler
**Implementation:**
- Uses `System.Numerics.BigInteger`
- Machin's formula with CLR overhead
- Large runtime (41.5 MB)
#### 24. PHP (68 ms, 26.5 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Interpretation** - Bytecode execution
- **Dynamic typing** - Runtime type checking
- **Large runtime** - Web-focused standard library
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Good for web** - Not designed for computation
**Implementation:**
- Uses `bcmath` extension for precision
- Machin's formula with interpretation overhead
- Large runtime (26.5 MB)
#### 25. Ruby (79 ms, 28.8 MB) - Slower
**Why slower:**
- **Interpretation** - Bytecode execution
- **Dynamic typing** - Runtime type checking
- **Large runtime** - Object-oriented overhead
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Less optimized** - Slower than Python
**Implementation:**
- Uses `BigDecimal` library
- Machin's formula with interpretation overhead
- Large runtime (28.8 MB)
#### 26. JavaScript (89 ms, 44.8 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **JIT compilation** - V8 engine compiles to machine code
- **Dynamic typing** - Runtime type checking
- **Large runtime** - JavaScript engine overhead
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Good optimization** - V8 is highly optimized
**Implementation:**
- Uses `BigInt` for arbitrary precision
- Machin's formula with JIT overhead
- Large runtime (44.8 MB)
#### 27. Julia (157 ms, 235.9 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **JIT compilation** - Compiles to machine code
- **Large runtime** - Scientific libraries included
- **Dynamic typing** - Runtime type checking
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Designed for science** - Optimized for numerical work
**Implementation:**
- Uses `BigFloat` for precision
- Machin's formula with JIT overhead
- Very large runtime (235.9 MB)
#### 28. R (163 ms, 90.9 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **Interpretation** - R interpreter
- **Dynamic typing** - Runtime type checking
- **Large runtime** - Statistical libraries included
- **GC overhead** - Garbage collector
- **Designed for stats** - Not optimized for general computation
**Implementation:**
- Uses `Rmpfr` package for precision
- Machin's formula with interpretation overhead
- Large runtime (90.9 MB)
#### 29. Erlang (176 ms, 77.4 MB) - Moderate
**Why moderate:**
- **BEAM VM** - Erlang virtual machine
- **Functional overhead** - Immutability, pattern matching
- **Concurrency focus** - Designed for distributed systems
- **Large runtime** - BEAM VM included
- **Not optimized for math** - Designed for reliability
**Implementation:**
- Uses `Integer` module for precision
- Machin's formula with BEAM overhead
- Large runtime (77.4 MB)
#### 30. Scala (344 ms, 55.5 MB) - Slow
**Why slow:**
- **JVM overhead** - Same as Java
- **Scala runtime** - Large standard library
- **Functional overhead** - Immutability, pattern matching
- **Complex compilation** - Advanced type system
- **Less optimized** - More overhead than Java
**Implementation:**
- Uses `BigInt` from Scala library
- Machin's formula with functional overhead
- Very large runtime (55.5 MB)
#### 31. Elixir (401 ms, 89.2 MB) - Slow
**Why slow:**
- **BEAM VM** - Erlang virtual machine
- **Functional overhead** - Immutability, pattern matching
- **Concurrency focus** - Designed for distributed systems
- **Large runtime** - BEAM VM + Elixir libraries
- **Not optimized for math** - Designed for reliability
**Implementation:**
- Uses `Integer` module for precision
- Machin's formula with BEAM overhead
- Very large runtime (89.2 MB)
#### 32. TypeScript (931 ms, 218.9 MB) - Slowest
**Why slow:**
- **TypeScript compiler** - Extra compilation step
- **JavaScript runtime** - V8 engine overhead
- **Large runtime** - TypeScript + JavaScript libraries
- **Dynamic typing** - Runtime type checking
- **Not optimized** - Designed for web development
**Implementation:**
- Uses `BigInt` for precision
- Machin's formula with TypeScript + JS overhead
- Very large runtime (218.9 MB)
## Languages Tested ## Languages Tested
**Compiled (10):** Assembly, C, C++, Rust, Go, Nim, Odin, Fortran, Swift, Crystal **Compiled (10):** Assembly, C, C++, Rust, Go, Nim, Odin, Fortran, Swift, Crystal