Reorganize documentation: create separate reports for each decimal level
- Create reports/ directory with detailed performance reports - Simplify README.md to provide overview and summary - Add links to detailed reports for each decimal level (1, 2, 5, 10, 100, 1000, 2000) - Keep summary table and key findings in main README - Remove verbose charts from main README to reduce noise
This commit is contained in:
Ein Anderssono
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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## Overview
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## Overview
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This study compares the performance of 34 programming languages when calculating π (pi) with high precision. The benchmark uses Machin's formula and measures execution time for 100, 1000, and 10000 decimal places.
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This study compares the performance of 34 programming languages when calculating π (pi) with high precision. The benchmark uses Machin's formula and measures execution time across multiple decimal precision levels.
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## Test Environment
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## Test Environment
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@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ This study compares the performance of 34 programming languages when calculating
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- First run is considered "warmup" and excluded
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- First run is considered "warmup" and excluded
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- Results are the average of the 3 subsequent runs
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- Results are the average of the 3 subsequent runs
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- Time measured in milliseconds (ms)
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- Time measured in milliseconds (ms)
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- Memory measured in bytes via RSS (Resident Set Size)
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## Method: Machin's Formula
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## Method: Machin's Formula
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@@ -40,847 +41,109 @@ arctan(x) = x - x³/3 + x⁵/5 - x⁷/7 + ...
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3. High precision possible
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3. High precision possible
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4. Only integer arithmetic required
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4. Only integer arithmetic required
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## Results
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## Performance Reports
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### Performance Charts by Language (100 decimals)
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Detailed performance reports are available for each decimal precision level:
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The following Mermaid charts show performance for each language with actual test data:
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- **[1 Decimal](reports/1_decimals.md)** - Minimal precision
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- **[2 Decimals](reports/2_decimals.md)** - Low precision
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- **[5 Decimals](reports/5_decimals.md)** - Medium precision
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- **[10 Decimals](reports/10_decimals.md)** - Standard precision
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- **[100 Decimals](reports/100_decimals.md)** - High precision
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- **[1000 Decimals](reports/1000_decimals.md)** - Very high precision
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- **[2000 Decimals](reports/2000_decimals.md)** - Extreme precision
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#### Compiled Languages (Native Code) - Fastest
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## Summary Results (100 Decimals)
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```mermaid
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### Fastest Languages
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xychart-beta
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title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
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bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 27, 29, 28]
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```
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```mermaid
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| Rank | Language | Time (ms) | Memory (bytes) | Type |
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xychart-beta
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|------|-----------|-----------|----------------|------|
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title "Compiled Languages - Memory Usage (bytes) at 100 decimals"
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| 1 | C | 9 | 180,224 | Compiled |
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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| 2 | Assembly | 9 | 966,656 | Compiled |
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y-axis "Memory (bytes)" 0 --> 1000000
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| 3 | Rust | 9 | 0 | Compiled |
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bar [966656, 180224, 196608, 0, 180224, 0, 0, 196608, 262144, 180224]
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| 4 | Go | 9 | 180,224 | Compiled |
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```
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| 5 | Nim | 9 | 0 | Compiled |
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| 6 | C++ | 9 | 196,608 | Compiled |
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| 7 | Odin | 9 | 0 | Compiled |
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| 8 | Fortran | 27 | 196,608 | Compiled |
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| 9 | Swift | 29 | 262,144 | Compiled |
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| 10 | Crystal | 28 | 180,224 | Compiled |
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#### JIT-Compiled Languages
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### Language Categories
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```mermaid
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**Compiled Languages (Native Code):**
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xychart-beta
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- Fastest execution (9-29 ms)
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
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- Minimal memory usage (0-966,656 bytes)
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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- Consistent performance across decimal levels
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
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bar [57, 57, 83, 290]
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```
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Memory Usage (bytes) at 100 decimals"
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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y-axis "Memory (bytes)" 0 --> 2100000
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bar [2064384, 2080768, 2048000, 2080768]
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```
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#### Interpreted Languages
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
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bar [57, 55, 77, 79, 84]
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```
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Memory Usage (bytes) at 100 decimals"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Memory (bytes)" 0 --> 2100000
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bar [2048000, 2048000, 2080768, 2064384, 2080768]
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```
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#### Slowest Languages
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Slowest Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
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x-axis ["Erlang", "R", "Elixir", "Scala", "TypeScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 900
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bar [130, 349, 898, 58, 154]
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```
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### Performance Scaling by Decimal Count
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#### 1 Decimal
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**Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
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bar [10, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 28, 29, 28]
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```
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**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
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**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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- Moderate execution time (57-290 ms)
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xychart-beta
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- Higher memory usage (~2 MB)
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
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bar [57, 58, 83, 297]
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```
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**Interpreted Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
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bar [57, 54, 78, 79, 82]
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```
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#### 2 Decimals
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**Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
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bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 26, 29, 28]
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```
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**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
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bar [57, 57, 83, 294]
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```
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**Interpreted Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
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bar [57, 53, 79, 80, 83]
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```
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#### 5 Decimals
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**Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
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bar [8, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 15, 28, 28]
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```
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**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
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bar [57, 57, 83, 292]
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```
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**Interpreted Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
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bar [57, 55, 80, 80, 83]
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```
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#### 10 Decimals
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**Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 40
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bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 21, 29, 29]
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```
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**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
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bar [58, 58, 83, 302]
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```
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**Interpreted Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
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bar [57, 54, 78, 79, 83]
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```
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#### 1000 Decimals
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**Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
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bar [9, 9, 30, 9, 9, 9, 9, 31, 29, 29]
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```
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**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
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bar [57, 57, 83, 299]
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```
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**Interpreted Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 240
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bar [60, 103, 79, 79, 233]
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```
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#### 2000 Decimals
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**Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
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x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
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bar [9, 27, 33, 9, 9, 9, 9, 31, 29, 29]
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```
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**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
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x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
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bar [57, 57, 83, 299]
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```
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**Interpreted Languages:**
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
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x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
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y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 240
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bar [60, 103, 79, 79, 233]
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```
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### Resource Usage Over Time
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The following charts show memory usage throughout the program's entire lifetime. The X-axis shows time in milliseconds from start to finish, and the Y-axis shows memory usage in MB. Each chart is scaled to clearly show variations for that specific language.
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#### Compiled Languages (Native Code)
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##### C - Fastest Language (11ms, minimal memory)
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "C - Memory Usage Over Time"
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x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 12
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y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 1
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line [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0]
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```
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**Analysis:** C uses practically no memory and executes in 11ms. Memory remains stable at 0 MB throughout execution.
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##### Rust - Fast and Memory-Efficient (11ms)
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Rust - Memory Usage Over Time"
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x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 12
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y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 1
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line [0.0]
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```
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**Analysis:** Rust matches C in performance and memory usage. Zero-cost abstractions provide optimal performance.
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##### Assembly - Low-Level Performance (18ms)
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Assembly - Memory Usage Over Time"
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x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 20
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y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 1
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line [0.9]
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```
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**Analysis:** Assembly shows similar performance to C and Rust with minimal memory.
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##### Haskell - Fast but High Memory (49ms, 10.5MB)
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Haskell - Memory Usage Over Time"
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x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 8
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y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 12
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line [0.2, 9.7, 0.0]
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```
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**Analysis:** Haskell is fast (49ms) but uses significantly more memory (10.5 MB) due to runtime and garbage collector.
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##### Dart - High Memory but Fast (41ms, 9.1MB)
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```mermaid
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xychart-beta
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title "Dart - Memory Usage Over Time"
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x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 12
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y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 11
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line [0.2, 7.9, 10.8, 10.8, 10.8, 10.8, 10.8, 0.0]
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```
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**Analysis:** Dart shows higher memory usage (9.1 MB) but maintains good performance thanks to JIT compilation.
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#### Interpreted Languages
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##### Elixir - Slow but Stable Memory (338ms, 2MB)
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|
||||||
|
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||||||
```mermaid
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||||||
xychart-beta
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||||||
title "Elixir - Memory Usage Over Time"
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x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
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y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
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|
||||||
line [0.5, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Analysis:** Elixir is slower (338ms) but shows very stable memory usage at 2 MB throughout execution. The BEAM VM provides predictable memory usage.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### TypeScript - Slowest with Varying Memory (1780ms, 2MB)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```mermaid
|
|
||||||
xychart-beta
|
|
||||||
title "TypeScript - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
|
||||||
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 1500
|
|
||||||
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
|
||||||
line [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Analysis:** TypeScript is slowest (1780ms) but shows an interesting memory profile: starts lower (1.9 MB) and quickly stabilizes at 2 MB.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### Scala - JVM-Based (737ms, 2MB)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```mermaid
|
|
||||||
xychart-beta
|
|
||||||
title "Scala - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
|
||||||
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 360
|
|
||||||
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
|
||||||
line [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Analysis:** Scala on JVM shows stable memory usage but slower execution due to JVM startup time.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### JavaScript - Node.js Performance (169ms, 2MB)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```mermaid
|
|
||||||
xychart-beta
|
|
||||||
title "JavaScript - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
|
||||||
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 500
|
|
||||||
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
|
||||||
line [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Analysis:** JavaScript shows stable memory usage but with an interesting drop at the end (0 MB) when the process terminates.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Memory Usage Comparison
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### Fast Languages (< 50ms) - Memory Profile
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```mermaid
|
|
||||||
xychart-beta
|
|
||||||
title "Fast Languages - Memory Usage Comparison"
|
|
||||||
x-axis ["C", "Rust", "Assembly", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "C++", "Fortran", "Swift", "Haskell", "Dart"]
|
|
||||||
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 12
|
|
||||||
bar [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 10.5, 9.1]
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Analysis:** Most fast languages use minimal memory (0-1 MB), but Haskell and Dart stand out with 9-11 MB due to their runtime environments.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### Slow Languages (> 200ms) - Memory Profile
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```mermaid
|
|
||||||
xychart-beta
|
|
||||||
title "Slow Languages - Memory Usage Comparison"
|
|
||||||
x-axis ["Elixir", "Erlang", "R", "Scala", "TypeScript"]
|
|
||||||
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
|
||||||
bar [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Analysis:** All slow languages show similar memory usage (2 MB), suggesting that execution time doesn't directly correlate with memory usage.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Binary Sizes
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
File sizes for compiled binaries (where applicable):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Binary Size | Type |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-------------|------|
|
|
||||||
| C | 34K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 49K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 34K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 50K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 76K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 149K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 497K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 422K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 221K | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 2.0M | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 1.5M | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| D | 1.3M | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 2.5M | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 5.4M | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 13M | Native binary |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 122K | .NET assembly |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 104B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 106B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 106B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 143B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 114B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 109B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 104B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 110B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| R | 105B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 106B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Vimscript | 467B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
| Wolfram | 118B | Wrapper script |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Note:** Wrapper scripts are small shell scripts that invoke the interpreter. Compiled languages have actual binaries with embedded code.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Performance Scaling by Decimal Count
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The following tables show how performance scales with increasing decimal precision:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 1 Decimal
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 32 | 597 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| D | 35 | 9488 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 32 | 2752 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 17 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 58 | 2021 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 82 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 54 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 78 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 297 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 912 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 129 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| R | 357 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 90 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 32 | 11600 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 36 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 53 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 2 Decimals
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 26 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 32 | 496 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| D | 35 | 10032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 32 | 2757 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 30 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 53 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 79 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 80 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 294 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 871 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 127 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| R | 342 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 31 | 11600 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 53 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 5 Decimals
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 8 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 15 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 31 | 533 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| D | 35 | 9578 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 32 | 2757 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 156 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 55 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 80 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 80 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 292 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 881 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 129 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| R | 374 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 59 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 31 | 11600 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 53 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 10 Decimals
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 21 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 32 | 1066 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| D | 36 | 9669 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 33 | 2773 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 30 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 83 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 155 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 54 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 78 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 302 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 910 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 130 | 2042 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| R | 336 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 32 | 11696 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 34 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 52 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 100 Decimals
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 27 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 31 | 752 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| D | 35 | 10154 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 33 | 2730 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 84 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 154 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 55 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 77 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 290 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 898 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 130 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| R | 349 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 31 | 11749 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 32 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 54 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 1000 Decimals
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 30 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 31 | 1754 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 32 | 496 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| D | 36 | 9712 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 33 | 2965 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 23 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 60 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 57 | 2026 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 233 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 103 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 79 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 299 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 1086 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 138 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| R | 337 | 2042 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 31 | 11792 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 56 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 2000 Decimals
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
|
||||||
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
|
||||||
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C | 27 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C++ | 33 | 1472 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Fortran | 31 | 1754 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Objective-C | 32 | 512 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| D | 36 | 9712 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Crystal | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Zig | 33 | 2965 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Haskell | 23 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Python | 60 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| JavaScript | 233 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Perl | 103 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| PHP | 79 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Julia | 299 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Elixir | 1086 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Erlang | 138 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| R | 337 | 2042 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Dart | 31 | 11792 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
| Brainfuck | 56 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Key Observations
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Scaling Behavior:**
|
|
||||||
- **Native compiled languages** (C, Rust, Assembly, Go, Nim, Odin) show minimal performance degradation from 1 to 2000 decimals
|
|
||||||
- **JIT-compiled languages** (Java, C#, Kotlin) maintain consistent performance across all decimal counts
|
|
||||||
- **Interpreted languages** (Python, Ruby, JavaScript) show linear scaling with decimal count
|
|
||||||
- **BEAM languages** (Elixir, Erlang) show significant performance impact at higher decimal counts
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Memory Efficiency:**
|
|
||||||
- **Native languages** use minimal memory (0 MB) regardless of decimal count
|
|
||||||
- **Dart** shows consistently high memory usage (9-12 MB) across all tests
|
|
||||||
- **Haskell** shows moderate memory usage that scales with complexity
|
|
||||||
- **Interpreted languages** maintain stable memory usage (~2 MB) across all tests
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Performance Leaders:**
|
|
||||||
- **Fastest at all decimal counts:** Assembly, C, C++, Rust, Go, Nim, Odin (all ~9-33ms)
|
|
||||||
- **Most consistent scaling:** Native compiled languages show near-constant execution time
|
|
||||||
- **Best memory efficiency:** Native compiled languages with 0 MB memory usage
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Analysis
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Performance Categories
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Native Compiled Languages (30-40ms):**
|
|
||||||
- Fastest execution due to direct machine code
|
|
||||||
- Minimal memory footprint (0-1 MB)
|
|
||||||
- Includes: C, Rust, Go, Assembly, Nim, Odin, C++, Fortran, Swift, Crystal, D, Zig
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**JIT-Compiled Languages (89-299ms):**
|
|
||||||
- Good performance after warmup
|
- Good performance after warmup
|
||||||
- Moderate memory usage (1-2 MB)
|
|
||||||
- Includes: Java, C#, Kotlin, Julia
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Interpreted Languages (40-1780ms):**
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
- Slower execution due to interpretation overhead
|
- Slower execution (55-84 ms)
|
||||||
- Variable memory usage (1-2 MB)
|
- Moderate memory usage (~2 MB)
|
||||||
- Includes: Python, Ruby, JavaScript, PHP, Perl, Lua, Bash
|
- Variable performance
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**BEAM Languages (311-606ms):**
|
## Key Findings
|
||||||
- Erlang/Elixir on BEAM VM
|
|
||||||
- Stable memory usage (2 MB)
|
|
||||||
- Predictable performance
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Key Findings
|
1. **Compiled languages dominate**: C, Assembly, Rust, Go, and Nim all execute in ~9ms
|
||||||
|
2. **Memory efficiency varies**: Compiled languages use minimal memory, JIT/interpreted use ~2 MB
|
||||||
|
3. **Performance scaling**: Compiled languages maintain consistent performance across all decimal levels
|
||||||
|
4. **JIT overhead**: Java, C#, Kotlin show startup overhead but good performance
|
||||||
|
5. **Interpreted languages**: Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby, JavaScript show moderate performance
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. **Memory Efficiency:** Native compiled languages use minimal memory (0-1 MB), while interpreted and JIT languages typically use 2 MB.
|
## Languages Tested
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
2. **Performance Scaling:** All languages scale linearly with decimal count. 1000 decimals takes ~10x longer than 100 decimals.
|
**Compiled (10):** Assembly, C, C++, Rust, Go, Nim, Odin, Fortran, Swift, Crystal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
3. **Binary Size vs Performance:** Smaller binaries don't necessarily mean faster execution. Rust (497K) is as fast as C (34K).
|
**JIT-Compiled (4):** Java, C#, Kotlin, Julia
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
4. **Runtime Overhead:** Languages with runtime environments (Haskell, Dart) show higher memory usage but maintain good performance.
|
**Interpreted (5):** Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby, JavaScript
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
5. **JIT Warmup:** JIT-compiled languages benefit from warmup runs, showing improved performance after initial execution.
|
**Other (15):** Bash, Brainfuck, D, Dart, Elixir, Erlang, Haskell, Lua, Objective-C, R, Scala, TypeScript, Vimscript, Wolfram, Zig
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Repository Structure
|
## Repository Structure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
.
|
.
|
||||||
├── assembly/ # Assembly implementation
|
├── README.md # This file
|
||||||
├── bash/ # Bash script implementation
|
├── reports/ # Detailed performance reports
|
||||||
├── brainfuck/ # Brainfuck implementation
|
│ ├── summary.md # Overall summary
|
||||||
├── c/ # C implementation
|
│ ├── 1_decimals.md # 1 decimal precision
|
||||||
├── cpp/ # C++ implementation
|
│ ├── 2_decimals.md # 2 decimals precision
|
||||||
├── crystal/ # Crystal implementation
|
│ ├── 5_decimals.md # 5 decimals precision
|
||||||
├── csharp/ # C# implementation
|
│ ├── 10_decimals.md # 10 decimals precision
|
||||||
├── d/ # D implementation
|
│ ├── 100_decimals.md # 100 decimals precision
|
||||||
├── dart/ # Dart implementation
|
│ ├── 1000_decimals.md # 1000 decimals precision
|
||||||
├── elixir/ # Elixir implementation
|
│ └── 2000_decimals.md # 2000 decimals precision
|
||||||
├── erlang/ # Erlang implementation
|
├── timelines/ # Resource usage timeline data
|
||||||
├── fortran/ # Fortran implementation
|
├── assembly/ # Assembly implementation
|
||||||
├── go/ # Go implementation
|
├── c/ # C implementation
|
||||||
├── haskell/ # Haskell implementation
|
├── cpp/ # C++ implementation
|
||||||
├── java/ # Java implementation
|
├── rust/ # Rust implementation
|
||||||
├── javascript/ # JavaScript implementation
|
└── ... # Other language implementations
|
||||||
├── julia/ # Julia implementation
|
|
||||||
├── kotlin/ # Kotlin implementation
|
|
||||||
├── objective-c/ # Objective-C implementation
|
|
||||||
├── scala/ # Scala implementation
|
|
||||||
├── typescript/ # TypeScript implementation
|
|
||||||
├── lua/ # Lua implementation
|
|
||||||
├── nim/ # Nim implementation
|
|
||||||
├── odin/ # Odin implementation
|
|
||||||
├── perl/ # Perl implementation
|
|
||||||
├── php/ # PHP implementation
|
|
||||||
├── python/ # Python implementation
|
|
||||||
├── r/ # R implementation
|
|
||||||
├── ruby/ # Ruby implementation
|
|
||||||
├── rust/ # Rust implementation
|
|
||||||
├── swift/ # Swift implementation
|
|
||||||
├── zig/ # Zig implementation
|
|
||||||
├── vimscript/ # Vimscript implementation
|
|
||||||
├── wolfram/ # Wolfram implementation
|
|
||||||
├── build.sh # Build all implementations
|
|
||||||
├── run_all.sh # Run all benchmarks
|
|
||||||
├── test.sh # Test all implementations
|
|
||||||
├── facit.txt # Expected results
|
|
||||||
└── README.md # This file
|
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Building and Running
|
## Running the Benchmark
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Build All Implementations
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Build all languages
|
||||||
./build.sh
|
./build.sh
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Run all tests
|
||||||
|
./run_all.sh
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Run specific language
|
||||||
|
cd c && ./build.sh && ./print_hej
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This compiles all compiled languages and prepares all implementations.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Run Benchmarks
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
|
||||||
./run_all.sh <decimals>
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Example:
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
|
||||||
./run_all.sh 100 # Run with 100 decimals
|
|
||||||
./run_all.sh 1000 # Run with 1000 decimals
|
|
||||||
./run_all.sh 10000 # Run with 10000 decimals
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Test All Implementations
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```bash
|
|
||||||
./test.sh
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Verifies that all implementations produce correct results.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Contributing
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To add a new language:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. Create a new directory with the language name
|
|
||||||
2. Implement `print_hej` that calculates π using Machin's formula
|
|
||||||
3. Create a `build.sh` script to compile/build
|
|
||||||
4. Ensure the implementation accepts a command-line argument for decimal count
|
|
||||||
5. Test with `./test.sh`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## License
|
## License
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This project is open source and available under the MIT License.
|
MIT License - See LICENSE file for details.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Acknowledgments
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Machin's formula for efficient π calculation
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - Apple A18 Pro Performance Study*
|
||||||
- All language maintainers and contributors
|
|
||||||
- Apple A18 Pro hardware for benchmarking
|
|
||||||
+886
@@ -0,0 +1,886 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Pi Calculation Benchmark: Performance Comparison of 34 Programming Languages
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Overview
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This study compares the performance of 34 programming languages when calculating π (pi) with high precision. The benchmark uses Machin's formula and measures execution time for 100, 1000, and 10000 decimal places.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro
|
||||||
|
- 6 cores: 2 performance cores + 4 efficiency cores
|
||||||
|
- Architecture: ARM64
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Methodology:**
|
||||||
|
- Each language runs 4 times per test
|
||||||
|
- First run is considered "warmup" and excluded
|
||||||
|
- Results are the average of the 3 subsequent runs
|
||||||
|
- Time measured in milliseconds (ms)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Method: Machin's Formula
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All implementations use Machin's formula for π calculation:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
π/4 = 4·arctan(1/5) - arctan(1/239)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Where arctan(x) is calculated using the Taylor series:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
arctan(x) = x - x³/3 + x⁵/5 - x⁷/7 + ...
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Advantages of this method:**
|
||||||
|
1. Fast convergence (few terms required)
|
||||||
|
2. Simple implementation
|
||||||
|
3. High precision possible
|
||||||
|
4. Only integer arithmetic required
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Results
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Performance Charts by Language (100 decimals)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The following Mermaid charts show performance for each language with actual test data:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Compiled Languages (Native Code) - Fastest
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 27, 29, 28]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Memory Usage (bytes) at 100 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (bytes)" 0 --> 1000000
|
||||||
|
bar [966656, 180224, 196608, 0, 180224, 0, 0, 196608, 262144, 180224]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### JIT-Compiled Languages
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 290]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Memory Usage (bytes) at 100 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (bytes)" 0 --> 2100000
|
||||||
|
bar [2064384, 2080768, 2048000, 2080768]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Interpreted Languages
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 55, 77, 79, 84]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Memory Usage (bytes) at 100 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (bytes)" 0 --> 2100000
|
||||||
|
bar [2048000, 2048000, 2080768, 2064384, 2080768]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Slowest Languages
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Slowest Languages - Time (ms) at 100 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Erlang", "R", "Elixir", "Scala", "TypeScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 900
|
||||||
|
bar [130, 349, 898, 58, 154]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Performance Scaling by Decimal Count
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1 Decimal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [10, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 28, 29, 28]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 58, 83, 297]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 54, 78, 79, 82]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 26, 29, 28]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 294]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 53, 79, 80, 83]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [8, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 15, 28, 28]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 292]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 55, 80, 80, 83]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 10 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 40
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 21, 29, 29]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
|
||||||
|
bar [58, 58, 83, 302]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 54, 78, 79, 83]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1000 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 9, 30, 9, 9, 9, 9, 31, 29, 29]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 299]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 240
|
||||||
|
bar [60, 103, 79, 79, 233]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2000 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 27, 33, 9, 9, 9, 9, 31, 29, 29]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 299]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 240
|
||||||
|
bar [60, 103, 79, 79, 233]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Resource Usage Over Time
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The following charts show memory usage throughout the program's entire lifetime. The X-axis shows time in milliseconds from start to finish, and the Y-axis shows memory usage in MB. Each chart is scaled to clearly show variations for that specific language.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Compiled Languages (Native Code)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### C - Fastest Language (11ms, minimal memory)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "C - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 12
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 1
|
||||||
|
line [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** C uses practically no memory and executes in 11ms. Memory remains stable at 0 MB throughout execution.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Rust - Fast and Memory-Efficient (11ms)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Rust - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 12
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 1
|
||||||
|
line [0.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** Rust matches C in performance and memory usage. Zero-cost abstractions provide optimal performance.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Assembly - Low-Level Performance (18ms)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Assembly - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 20
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 1
|
||||||
|
line [0.9]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** Assembly shows similar performance to C and Rust with minimal memory.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Haskell - Fast but High Memory (49ms, 10.5MB)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Haskell - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 8
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 12
|
||||||
|
line [0.2, 9.7, 0.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** Haskell is fast (49ms) but uses significantly more memory (10.5 MB) due to runtime and garbage collector.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Dart - High Memory but Fast (41ms, 9.1MB)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Dart - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 12
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 11
|
||||||
|
line [0.2, 7.9, 10.8, 10.8, 10.8, 10.8, 10.8, 0.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** Dart shows higher memory usage (9.1 MB) but maintains good performance thanks to JIT compilation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Interpreted Languages
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Elixir - Slow but Stable Memory (338ms, 2MB)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Elixir - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
||||||
|
line [0.5, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** Elixir is slower (338ms) but shows very stable memory usage at 2 MB throughout execution. The BEAM VM provides predictable memory usage.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### TypeScript - Slowest with Varying Memory (1780ms, 2MB)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "TypeScript - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 1500
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
||||||
|
line [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** TypeScript is slowest (1780ms) but shows an interesting memory profile: starts lower (1.9 MB) and quickly stabilizes at 2 MB.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Scala - JVM-Based (737ms, 2MB)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Scala - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 360
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
||||||
|
line [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** Scala on JVM shows stable memory usage but slower execution due to JVM startup time.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### JavaScript - Node.js Performance (169ms, 2MB)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JavaScript - Memory Usage Over Time"
|
||||||
|
x-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 500
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
||||||
|
line [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** JavaScript shows stable memory usage but with an interesting drop at the end (0 MB) when the process terminates.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Memory Usage Comparison
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Fast Languages (< 50ms) - Memory Profile
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Fast Languages - Memory Usage Comparison"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["C", "Rust", "Assembly", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "C++", "Fortran", "Swift", "Haskell", "Dart"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 12
|
||||||
|
bar [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 10.5, 9.1]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** Most fast languages use minimal memory (0-1 MB), but Haskell and Dart stand out with 9-11 MB due to their runtime environments.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### Slow Languages (> 200ms) - Memory Profile
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Slow Languages - Memory Usage Comparison"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Elixir", "Erlang", "R", "Scala", "TypeScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Memory (MB)" 0 --> 3
|
||||||
|
bar [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Analysis:** All slow languages show similar memory usage (2 MB), suggesting that execution time doesn't directly correlate with memory usage.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Binary Sizes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
File sizes for compiled binaries (where applicable):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Binary Size | Type |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-------------|------|
|
||||||
|
| C | 34K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 49K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 34K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 50K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 76K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 149K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 497K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 422K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 221K | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 2.0M | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 1.5M | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| D | 1.3M | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 2.5M | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 5.4M | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 13M | Native binary |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 122K | .NET assembly |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 104B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 106B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 106B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 143B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 114B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 109B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 104B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 110B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| R | 105B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 103B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 106B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Vimscript | 467B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
| Wolfram | 118B | Wrapper script |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Note:** Wrapper scripts are small shell scripts that invoke the interpreter. Compiled languages have actual binaries with embedded code.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Performance Scaling by Decimal Count
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The following tables show how performance scales with increasing decimal precision:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1 Decimal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 32 | 597 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 35 | 9488 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 32 | 2752 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 17 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 58 | 2021 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 82 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 54 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 78 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 297 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 912 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 129 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 357 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 90 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 32 | 11600 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 36 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 53 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 26 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 32 | 496 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 35 | 10032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 32 | 2757 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 30 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 53 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 79 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 80 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 294 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 871 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 127 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 342 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 31 | 11600 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 53 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 8 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 15 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 31 | 533 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 35 | 9578 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 32 | 2757 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 10 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 156 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 55 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 80 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 80 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 292 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 881 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 129 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 374 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 59 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 31 | 11600 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 53 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 10 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 21 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 32 | 1066 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 36 | 9669 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 33 | 2773 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 30 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 83 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 155 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 54 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 78 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 302 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 910 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 130 | 2042 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 336 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 32 | 11696 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 34 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 52 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 100 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 27 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 31 | 752 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 35 | 10154 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 33 | 2730 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 84 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 154 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 55 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 77 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 290 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 898 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 130 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 349 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 31 | 11749 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 32 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 54 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1000 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 30 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 31 | 1754 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 32 | 496 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 36 | 9712 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 33 | 2965 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 23 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 60 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 57 | 2026 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 233 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 103 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 79 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 299 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 1086 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 138 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 337 | 2042 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 31 | 11792 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 56 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2000 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 27 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 33 | 1472 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 31 | 1754 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 32 | 512 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 36 | 9712 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 33 | 2965 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 23 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 60 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 233 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 157 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 103 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 79 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 299 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 1086 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 138 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 337 | 2042 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 31 | 11792 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 33 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 56 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Key Observations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Scaling Behavior:**
|
||||||
|
- **Native compiled languages** (C, Rust, Assembly, Go, Nim, Odin) show minimal performance degradation from 1 to 2000 decimals
|
||||||
|
- **JIT-compiled languages** (Java, C#, Kotlin) maintain consistent performance across all decimal counts
|
||||||
|
- **Interpreted languages** (Python, Ruby, JavaScript) show linear scaling with decimal count
|
||||||
|
- **BEAM languages** (Elixir, Erlang) show significant performance impact at higher decimal counts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Memory Efficiency:**
|
||||||
|
- **Native languages** use minimal memory (0 MB) regardless of decimal count
|
||||||
|
- **Dart** shows consistently high memory usage (9-12 MB) across all tests
|
||||||
|
- **Haskell** shows moderate memory usage that scales with complexity
|
||||||
|
- **Interpreted languages** maintain stable memory usage (~2 MB) across all tests
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Performance Leaders:**
|
||||||
|
- **Fastest at all decimal counts:** Assembly, C, C++, Rust, Go, Nim, Odin (all ~9-33ms)
|
||||||
|
- **Most consistent scaling:** Native compiled languages show near-constant execution time
|
||||||
|
- **Best memory efficiency:** Native compiled languages with 0 MB memory usage
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Analysis
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Performance Categories
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Native Compiled Languages (30-40ms):**
|
||||||
|
- Fastest execution due to direct machine code
|
||||||
|
- Minimal memory footprint (0-1 MB)
|
||||||
|
- Includes: C, Rust, Go, Assembly, Nim, Odin, C++, Fortran, Swift, Crystal, D, Zig
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages (89-299ms):**
|
||||||
|
- Good performance after warmup
|
||||||
|
- Moderate memory usage (1-2 MB)
|
||||||
|
- Includes: Java, C#, Kotlin, Julia
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages (40-1780ms):**
|
||||||
|
- Slower execution due to interpretation overhead
|
||||||
|
- Variable memory usage (1-2 MB)
|
||||||
|
- Includes: Python, Ruby, JavaScript, PHP, Perl, Lua, Bash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**BEAM Languages (311-606ms):**
|
||||||
|
- Erlang/Elixir on BEAM VM
|
||||||
|
- Stable memory usage (2 MB)
|
||||||
|
- Predictable performance
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Key Findings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. **Memory Efficiency:** Native compiled languages use minimal memory (0-1 MB), while interpreted and JIT languages typically use 2 MB.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. **Performance Scaling:** All languages scale linearly with decimal count. 1000 decimals takes ~10x longer than 100 decimals.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. **Binary Size vs Performance:** Smaller binaries don't necessarily mean faster execution. Rust (497K) is as fast as C (34K).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4. **Runtime Overhead:** Languages with runtime environments (Haskell, Dart) show higher memory usage but maintain good performance.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5. **JIT Warmup:** JIT-compiled languages benefit from warmup runs, showing improved performance after initial execution.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Repository Structure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
.
|
||||||
|
├── assembly/ # Assembly implementation
|
||||||
|
├── bash/ # Bash script implementation
|
||||||
|
├── brainfuck/ # Brainfuck implementation
|
||||||
|
├── c/ # C implementation
|
||||||
|
├── cpp/ # C++ implementation
|
||||||
|
├── crystal/ # Crystal implementation
|
||||||
|
├── csharp/ # C# implementation
|
||||||
|
├── d/ # D implementation
|
||||||
|
├── dart/ # Dart implementation
|
||||||
|
├── elixir/ # Elixir implementation
|
||||||
|
├── erlang/ # Erlang implementation
|
||||||
|
├── fortran/ # Fortran implementation
|
||||||
|
├── go/ # Go implementation
|
||||||
|
├── haskell/ # Haskell implementation
|
||||||
|
├── java/ # Java implementation
|
||||||
|
├── javascript/ # JavaScript implementation
|
||||||
|
├── julia/ # Julia implementation
|
||||||
|
├── kotlin/ # Kotlin implementation
|
||||||
|
├── objective-c/ # Objective-C implementation
|
||||||
|
├── scala/ # Scala implementation
|
||||||
|
├── typescript/ # TypeScript implementation
|
||||||
|
├── lua/ # Lua implementation
|
||||||
|
├── nim/ # Nim implementation
|
||||||
|
├── odin/ # Odin implementation
|
||||||
|
├── perl/ # Perl implementation
|
||||||
|
├── php/ # PHP implementation
|
||||||
|
├── python/ # Python implementation
|
||||||
|
├── r/ # R implementation
|
||||||
|
├── ruby/ # Ruby implementation
|
||||||
|
├── rust/ # Rust implementation
|
||||||
|
├── swift/ # Swift implementation
|
||||||
|
├── zig/ # Zig implementation
|
||||||
|
├── vimscript/ # Vimscript implementation
|
||||||
|
├── wolfram/ # Wolfram implementation
|
||||||
|
├── build.sh # Build all implementations
|
||||||
|
├── run_all.sh # Run all benchmarks
|
||||||
|
├── test.sh # Test all implementations
|
||||||
|
├── facit.txt # Expected results
|
||||||
|
└── README.md # This file
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Building and Running
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Build All Implementations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./build.sh
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This compiles all compiled languages and prepares all implementations.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Run Benchmarks
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./run_all.sh <decimals>
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Example:
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./run_all.sh 100 # Run with 100 decimals
|
||||||
|
./run_all.sh 1000 # Run with 1000 decimals
|
||||||
|
./run_all.sh 10000 # Run with 10000 decimals
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Test All Implementations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./test.sh
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Verifies that all implementations produce correct results.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Contributing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To add a new language:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Create a new directory with the language name
|
||||||
|
2. Implement `print_hej` that calculates π using Machin's formula
|
||||||
|
3. Create a `build.sh` script to compile/build
|
||||||
|
4. Ensure the implementation accepts a command-line argument for decimal count
|
||||||
|
5. Test with `./test.sh`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## License
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This project is open source and available under the MIT License.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Acknowledgments
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Machin's formula for efficient π calculation
|
||||||
|
- All language maintainers and contributors
|
||||||
|
- Apple A18 Pro hardware for benchmarking
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
|
|||||||
|
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
||||||
|
"""Create separate report files for each decimal level."""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
import re
|
||||||
|
from pathlib import Path
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Read README
|
||||||
|
with open('README.md', 'r') as f:
|
||||||
|
content = f.read()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Decimal levels to extract
|
||||||
|
decimal_levels = [1, 2, 5, 10, 100, 1000, 2000]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Create reports directory
|
||||||
|
Path('reports').mkdir(exist_ok=True)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Extract sections for each decimal level
|
||||||
|
for level in decimal_levels:
|
||||||
|
# Find the section for this decimal level
|
||||||
|
pattern = rf'#### {level} Decimal[s]?\n\n(.*?)(?=#### \d+ Decimal|### |$)'
|
||||||
|
match = re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if match:
|
||||||
|
section = match.group(1)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Create report file
|
||||||
|
report_content = f"""# Performance Report: {level} Decimal{'s' if level > 1 else ''}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{section}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - {level} decimal{'s' if level > 1 else ''} precision*
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Write report file
|
||||||
|
filename = f'reports/{level}_decimals.md'
|
||||||
|
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
|
||||||
|
f.write(report_content)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
print(f"Created {filename}")
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
print(f"No section found for {level} decimals")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Create main summary report
|
||||||
|
summary_content = """# Pi Calculation Benchmark: Performance Summary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Overview
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This study compares the performance of 34 programming languages when calculating π (pi) with high precision.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Method: Machin's Formula
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All implementations use Machin's formula for π calculation:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
π/4 = 4·arctan(1/5) - arctan(1/239)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Reports by Decimal Level
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- [1 Decimal](reports/1_decimals.md) - Minimal precision
|
||||||
|
- [2 Decimals](reports/2_decimals.md) - Low precision
|
||||||
|
- [5 Decimals](reports/5_decimals.md) - Medium precision
|
||||||
|
- [10 Decimals](reports/10_decimals.md) - Standard precision
|
||||||
|
- [100 Decimals](reports/100_decimals.md) - High precision
|
||||||
|
- [1000 Decimals](reports/1000_decimals.md) - Very high precision
|
||||||
|
- [2000 Decimals](reports/2000_decimals.md) - Extreme precision
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Key Findings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Fastest Languages (100 decimals)
|
||||||
|
1. **C** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
2. **Assembly** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
3. **Rust** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
4. **Go** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
5. **Nim** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Memory Efficiency (100 decimals)
|
||||||
|
- **C, Rust, Assembly**: < 1 MB
|
||||||
|
- **JIT Languages**: ~2 MB
|
||||||
|
- **Interpreted Languages**: ~2 MB
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Performance Scaling
|
||||||
|
- Compiled languages maintain consistent performance across all decimal levels
|
||||||
|
- JIT languages show startup overhead but good performance
|
||||||
|
- Interpreted languages scale poorly with increased precision
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark*
|
||||||
|
"""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
with open('reports/summary.md', 'w') as f:
|
||||||
|
f.write(summary_content)
|
||||||
|
print("Created reports/summary.md")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
print("\nAll reports created successfully!")
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Performance Report: 1000 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 9, 30, 9, 9, 9, 9, 31, 29, 29]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 299]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 1000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 240
|
||||||
|
bar [60, 103, 79, 79, 233]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - 1000 decimals precision*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Performance Report: 100 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Language | Time (ms) | Memory (MB) | Status |
|
||||||
|
|----------|-----------|-------------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| Assembly | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C++ | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Rust | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Go | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Nim | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Odin | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Swift | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Fortran | 27 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Objective-C | 31 | 752 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| D | 35 | 10154 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Crystal | 28 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Zig | 33 | 2730 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Haskell | 9 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Lua | 29 | 0 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Python | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Java | 57 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| C# | 57 | 2016 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| JavaScript | 84 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| TypeScript | 154 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Perl | 55 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| PHP | 77 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Ruby | 79 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Julia | 290 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Elixir | 898 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Erlang | 130 | 2037 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| R | 349 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Scala | 58 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Kotlin | 83 | 2032 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Dart | 31 | 11749 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Bash | 32 | 2000 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
| Brainfuck | 54 | 2005 | ✓ |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - 100 decimals precision*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Performance Report: 10 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 40
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 21, 29, 29]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
|
||||||
|
bar [58, 58, 83, 302]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 10 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 54, 78, 79, 83]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - 10 decimals precision*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Performance Report: 1 Decimal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [10, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 28, 29, 28]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 58, 83, 297]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 1 decimal"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 54, 78, 79, 82]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - 1 decimal precision*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Performance Report: 2000 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 27, 33, 9, 9, 9, 9, 31, 29, 29]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 310
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 299]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 2000 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 240
|
||||||
|
bar [60, 103, 79, 79, 233]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - 2000 decimals precision*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Performance Report: 2 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 26, 29, 28]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 294]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 2 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 53, 79, 80, 83]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - 2 decimals precision*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Performance Report: 5 Decimals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Charts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 35
|
||||||
|
bar [8, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 15, 28, 28]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**JIT-Compiled Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Java", "C#", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 300
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 57, 83, 292]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Interpreted Languages:**
|
||||||
|
```mermaid
|
||||||
|
xychart-beta
|
||||||
|
title "Interpreted Languages - Time (ms) at 5 decimals"
|
||||||
|
x-axis ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
y-axis "Time (ms)" 0 --> 90
|
||||||
|
bar [57, 55, 80, 80, 83]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark - 5 decimals precision*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Pi Calculation Benchmark: Performance Summary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Overview
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This study compares the performance of 34 programming languages when calculating π (pi) with high precision.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Test Environment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Hardware:**
|
||||||
|
- **Model:** MacBook Neo (Mac17,5)
|
||||||
|
- **Processor:** Apple A18 Pro (6 cores: 2 performance + 4 efficiency)
|
||||||
|
- **Memory:** 8 GB RAM
|
||||||
|
- **Operating System:** macOS (Darwin)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Method: Machin's Formula
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All implementations use Machin's formula for π calculation:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
π/4 = 4·arctan(1/5) - arctan(1/239)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Performance Reports by Decimal Level
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- [1 Decimal](reports/1_decimals.md) - Minimal precision
|
||||||
|
- [2 Decimals](reports/2_decimals.md) - Low precision
|
||||||
|
- [5 Decimals](reports/5_decimals.md) - Medium precision
|
||||||
|
- [10 Decimals](reports/10_decimals.md) - Standard precision
|
||||||
|
- [100 Decimals](reports/100_decimals.md) - High precision
|
||||||
|
- [1000 Decimals](reports/1000_decimals.md) - Very high precision
|
||||||
|
- [2000 Decimals](reports/2000_decimals.md) - Extreme precision
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Key Findings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Fastest Languages (100 decimals)
|
||||||
|
1. **C** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
2. **Assembly** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
3. **Rust** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
4. **Go** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
5. **Nim** - 9ms (compiled)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Memory Efficiency (100 decimals)
|
||||||
|
- **C, Rust, Assembly**: < 1 MB
|
||||||
|
- **JIT Languages**: ~2 MB
|
||||||
|
- **Interpreted Languages**: ~2 MB
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Performance Scaling
|
||||||
|
- Compiled languages maintain consistent performance across all decimal levels
|
||||||
|
- JIT languages show startup overhead but good performance
|
||||||
|
- Interpreted languages scale poorly with increased precision
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generated from Pi Calculation Benchmark*
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
|
|||||||
|
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
||||||
|
"""Extract actual memory values in bytes from timeline files and update README."""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
import os
|
||||||
|
import re
|
||||||
|
from pathlib import Path
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Language categories
|
||||||
|
COMPILED = ["Assembly", "C", "C++", "Rust", "Go", "Nim", "Odin", "Fortran", "Swift", "Crystal"]
|
||||||
|
JIT = ["Java", "CSharp", "Kotlin", "Julia"]
|
||||||
|
INTERPRETED = ["Python", "Perl", "PHP", "Ruby", "JavaScript"]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Map directory names to display names
|
||||||
|
NAME_MAP = {
|
||||||
|
"CSharp": "C#",
|
||||||
|
"C++": "C++",
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def get_peak_memory(lang_dir):
|
||||||
|
"""Get peak memory in bytes from timeline files."""
|
||||||
|
timeline_dir = Path(f"timelines/{lang_dir}")
|
||||||
|
if not timeline_dir.exists():
|
||||||
|
return 0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
peak_memory = 0
|
||||||
|
for tsv_file in timeline_dir.glob("run_*.tsv"):
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
with open(tsv_file, 'r') as f:
|
||||||
|
for line in f:
|
||||||
|
parts = line.strip().split()
|
||||||
|
if len(parts) >= 2:
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
memory = int(parts[1])
|
||||||
|
peak_memory = max(peak_memory, memory)
|
||||||
|
except ValueError:
|
||||||
|
continue
|
||||||
|
except Exception as e:
|
||||||
|
print(f"Error reading {tsv_file}: {e}")
|
||||||
|
continue
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return peak_memory
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def get_avg_memory(lang_dir):
|
||||||
|
"""Get average memory in bytes from timeline files."""
|
||||||
|
timeline_dir = Path(f"timelines/{lang_dir}")
|
||||||
|
if not timeline_dir.exists():
|
||||||
|
return 0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
total_memory = 0
|
||||||
|
count = 0
|
||||||
|
for tsv_file in timeline_dir.glob("run_*.tsv"):
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
with open(tsv_file, 'r') as f:
|
||||||
|
for line in f:
|
||||||
|
parts = line.strip().split()
|
||||||
|
if len(parts) >= 2:
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
memory = int(parts[1])
|
||||||
|
total_memory += memory
|
||||||
|
count += 1
|
||||||
|
except ValueError:
|
||||||
|
continue
|
||||||
|
except Exception as e:
|
||||||
|
print(f"Error reading {tsv_file}: {e}")
|
||||||
|
continue
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return total_memory // count if count > 0 else 0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def update_readme():
|
||||||
|
"""Update README with actual memory values in bytes."""
|
||||||
|
# Read current README
|
||||||
|
with open('README.md', 'r') as f:
|
||||||
|
content = f.read()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Update compiled languages memory chart
|
||||||
|
compiled_memories = []
|
||||||
|
for lang in COMPILED:
|
||||||
|
memory = get_peak_memory(lang)
|
||||||
|
compiled_memories.append(memory)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Find and replace compiled languages memory chart
|
||||||
|
pattern = r'(title "Compiled Languages - Memory Usage \(bytes\) at 100 decimals".*?y-axis "Memory \(bytes\)" 0 --> )\d+'
|
||||||
|
max_memory = max(compiled_memories) if compiled_memories else 0
|
||||||
|
y_max = max(100, max_memory) # At least 100 bytes scale
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
replacement = f'\\g<1>{y_max}'
|
||||||
|
content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Replace memory values in compiled languages chart
|
||||||
|
pattern = r'(title "Compiled Languages - Memory Usage \(bytes\) at 100 decimals".*?bar \[).*?(\])'
|
||||||
|
values_str = ', '.join(map(str, compiled_memories))
|
||||||
|
replacement = f'\\g<1>{values_str}\\g<2>'
|
||||||
|
content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content, flags=re.DOTALL)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Update JIT languages memory chart
|
||||||
|
jit_memories = []
|
||||||
|
for lang in JIT:
|
||||||
|
memory = get_peak_memory(lang)
|
||||||
|
jit_memories.append(memory)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
pattern = r'(title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Memory Usage \(bytes\) at 100 decimals".*?y-axis "Memory \(bytes\)" 0 --> )\d+'
|
||||||
|
max_memory = max(jit_memories) if jit_memories else 0
|
||||||
|
y_max = max(100, max_memory)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
replacement = f'\\g<1>{y_max}'
|
||||||
|
content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Replace memory values in JIT languages chart
|
||||||
|
pattern = r'(title "JIT-Compiled Languages - Memory Usage \(bytes\) at 100 decimals".*?bar \[).*?(\])'
|
||||||
|
values_str = ', '.join(map(str, jit_memories))
|
||||||
|
replacement = f'\\g<1>{values_str}\\g<2>'
|
||||||
|
content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content, flags=re.DOTALL)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Update interpreted languages memory chart
|
||||||
|
interpreted_memories = []
|
||||||
|
for lang in INTERPRETED:
|
||||||
|
memory = get_peak_memory(lang)
|
||||||
|
interpreted_memories.append(memory)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
pattern = r'(title "Interpreted Languages - Memory Usage \(bytes\) at 100 decimals".*?y-axis "Memory \(bytes\)" 0 --> )\d+'
|
||||||
|
max_memory = max(interpreted_memories) if interpreted_memories else 0
|
||||||
|
y_max = max(100, max_memory)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
replacement = f'\\g<1>{y_max}'
|
||||||
|
content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Replace memory values in interpreted languages chart
|
||||||
|
pattern = r'(title "Interpreted Languages - Memory Usage \(bytes\) at 100 decimals".*?bar \[).*?(\])'
|
||||||
|
values_str = ', '.join(map(str, interpreted_memories))
|
||||||
|
replacement = f'\\g<1>{values_str}\\g<2>'
|
||||||
|
content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content, flags=re.DOTALL)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Write updated README
|
||||||
|
with open('README.md', 'w') as f:
|
||||||
|
f.write(content)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
print("Updated README with actual memory values in bytes:")
|
||||||
|
print(f"Compiled: {compiled_memories}")
|
||||||
|
print(f"JIT: {jit_memories}")
|
||||||
|
print(f"Interpreted: {interpreted_memories}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||||
|
update_readme()
|
||||||
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
|||||||
|
#!/usr/bin/env python3
|
||||||
|
"""Update Memory Usage Over Time charts with actual data from timeline files."""
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
import os
|
||||||
|
import re
|
||||||
|
from pathlib import Path
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Languages with Memory Usage Over Time charts
|
||||||
|
LANGUAGES = {
|
||||||
|
"C": {"max_time": 12, "max_memory": 1},
|
||||||
|
"Rust": {"max_time": 12, "max_memory": 1},
|
||||||
|
"Assembly": {"max_time": 20, "max_memory": 1},
|
||||||
|
"Haskell": {"max_time": 8, "max_memory": 12},
|
||||||
|
"Dart": {"max_time": 12, "max_memory": 11},
|
||||||
|
"Elixir": {"max_time": 300, "max_memory": 3},
|
||||||
|
"TypeScript": {"max_time": 1500, "max_memory": 3},
|
||||||
|
"Scala": {"max_time": 360, "max_memory": 3},
|
||||||
|
"JavaScript": {"max_time": 500, "max_memory": 3},
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def get_memory_timeline(lang_dir):
|
||||||
|
"""Get memory timeline from timeline files."""
|
||||||
|
timeline_dir = Path(f"timelines/{lang_dir}")
|
||||||
|
if not timeline_dir.exists():
|
||||||
|
return []
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Read first timeline file
|
||||||
|
tsv_file = timeline_dir / "run_1.tsv"
|
||||||
|
if not tsv_file.exists():
|
||||||
|
return []
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
memories = []
|
||||||
|
with open(tsv_file, 'r') as f:
|
||||||
|
for line in f:
|
||||||
|
parts = line.strip().split()
|
||||||
|
if len(parts) >= 2:
|
||||||
|
try:
|
||||||
|
memory_bytes = int(parts[1])
|
||||||
|
# Convert to MB
|
||||||
|
memory_mb = memory_bytes / (1024 * 1024)
|
||||||
|
memories.append(round(memory_mb, 1))
|
||||||
|
except ValueError:
|
||||||
|
continue
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return memories
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def update_readme():
|
||||||
|
"""Update README with actual memory timeline data."""
|
||||||
|
with open('README.md', 'r') as f:
|
||||||
|
content = f.read()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for lang, config in LANGUAGES.items():
|
||||||
|
# Get memory timeline
|
||||||
|
memories = get_memory_timeline(lang)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if not memories:
|
||||||
|
print(f"No timeline data for {lang}")
|
||||||
|
continue
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Find and replace memory chart
|
||||||
|
# Pattern to match the line chart values
|
||||||
|
pattern = rf'(title "{lang} - Memory Usage Over Time".*?line \[).*?(\])'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Create new values string
|
||||||
|
values_str = ', '.join(map(str, memories))
|
||||||
|
replacement = f'\\g<1>{values_str}\\g<2>'
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Update content
|
||||||
|
new_content = re.sub(pattern, replacement, content, flags=re.DOTALL)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if new_content != content:
|
||||||
|
content = new_content
|
||||||
|
print(f"Updated {lang} with {len(memories)} memory values: {memories[:5]}...")
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
print(f"No match found for {lang}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Write updated README
|
||||||
|
with open('README.md', 'w') as f:
|
||||||
|
f.write(content)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
print("\nUpdated README with actual memory timeline data")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||||
|
update_readme()
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user